Ngo-1955, iJilin Carbon Factory, ishishini lokuqala laseTshayina le-graphite electrode, laqaliswa ngokusesikweni ngoncedo lweengcali zobugcisa ezivela kwiSoviet Union yangaphambili. Kwimbali yophuhliso lwe-graphite electrode, kukho oonobumba ababini baseTshayina.
I-electrode yegrafiti, into yegrafiti ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ineempawu ezintle zokuqhuba umbane kunye nokuvelisa umbane, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseniintsimbi.
Ngenxa yokunyuka ngokubanzi kwezinto ezithengiswayo, i-graphite electrode yalo nyaka ayisebenzi. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lemarike ye-graphite electrode ephambili yayiyi-21393 yuan/ton,inyuke nge-51%ukususela kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngenxa yoku, i-electrode yegrafiti yasekhaya enkulu (isabelo semarike esingaphezulu kwama-20%) — iFang Da carbon (600516) kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka ingeniso yokusebenza ye-3.57 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukukhula konyaka kwe-37%, kubuyela ekukhuleni kwenzuzo engumama ye-118%. Le mpumelelo imangalisayo itsale amaziko angaphezu kwama-30 ukuba aphande kwiveki ephelileyo, phakathi kwawo kukho amashishini amakhulu okuqokelela imali kawonke-wonke afana ne-Efonda kunye ne-Harvest.
Kwaye abahlobo abanikela ingqalelo kushishino lwamandla ombane bonke bayazi ukuba phantsi kwesandla sesinyithi setempile, ulawulo oluphindwe kabini, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye namashishini ongcoliseko oluphezulu kuye kwamisa imveliso kunye nokuvalwa. Iifektri zentsimbi njengeenkampani eziphakamileyo ezimbini nazo kufuneka zidlale indima ephambili kwiphondo lesinyithi nentsimbi laseHebei libaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwenyani, imveliso encinci yentsimbi, imfuno ye-graphite electrode nayo iya kwehla, njengoko iinzwane zinokucinga, amaxabiso e-graphite electrode kufuneka ehle.
1. Ngaphandle kwee-electrode ze-graphite, ii-arc furniture zombane azisebenzi ngokwenene
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nee-electrode ze-graphite, kuyimfuneko ukuvula uthotho lwemizi-mveliso ukuze ujonge kancinci. Phezulu, i-graphite electrode ukuya kwi-petroleum coke, i-needle coke iimveliso ezimbini zeekhemikhali njengezinto eziluhlaza, ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwenkqubo enzima ye-11,Itoni e-1 ye-graphite electrode ifuna iitoni ezili-1.02 zezinto ezikrwada, umjikelo wemveliso uthatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-50, iindleko zezinto zingaphezulu kwama-65%.
Njengoko benditshilo, ii-electrode ze-graphite ziqhuba umbane. Ngokwe-current density evumelekileyo, ii-electrode ze-graphite zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibeamandla aqhelekileyo, amandla aphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu kakhuluii-electrode zegrafayithi. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali.
Phantsi komlambo, ii-electrode ze-graphite zisetyenziswa kwii-arc ovens, kwi-industrial silicon nakwi-i-phosphorus etyheliimveliso, imveliso yentsimbi ngokubanzi ibandakanya malunga80%kokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwee-electrode zegrafiti, ixabiso lakutshanje libangelwa kakhulu lishishini lentsimbi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenani elikhulayo leentsimbi ze-EAF ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu ezinexabiso elingcono, ii-electrode zegrafiti nazo ziyaphuhliswa ziye kumandla aphezulu kakhulu, asebenza ngcono kunamandla aqhelekileyo. Ngubani okwaziyo ukwenza oku?i-electrode yegrafayithi enamandla aphezulu kakhuluiteknoloji, eya kukhokela imakethi yexesha elizayo. Okwangoku, abavelisi abali-10 abaphambili kwihlabathi be-electrodes ze-graphite ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu bamalunga ne-44.4% yemveliso iyonke ye-electrodes ze-graphite ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu kwihlabathi. Imakethi ixinene kakhulu, kwaye ilizwe eliphambili yiJapan.
Ukuze uqonde ngcono oku kulandelayo, nantsi intshayelelo emfutshane yendlela yokwenza intsimbi. Ngokubanzi, ukunyibilikisa intsimbi kunye nentsimbi kwahlulwe ngokwezigabaisithando somlilo esiqhumayokwayeisithando sombane se-arc: eyokuqala iya kuba yintsimbi eyomileyo, i-coke kunye nezinye intsimbi yehagu yokunyibilikisa, ize emva koko ibe sisixa esikhulu se-oxygen blowing converter, i-metallic iron decarbonization ibe yintsimbi yentsimbi engamanzi. Eyesibini isebenzisa iipropati zombane kunye nobushushu ezibalaseleyo zee-graphite electrodes ukunyibilikisa intsimbi elahliweyo nokuyenza ibe yintsimbi.
Ngoko ke, i-electrode yegrafiti yokwenza intsimbi ye-EAF, njenge-PVDF ye-lithium anode, ayifuneki kangako (itoni enye yentsimbi itya i-electrode yegrafiti eyi-1.2-2.5kg kuphela), kodwa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Kwaye akuyi kubakho enye enokuyitshintsha kungekudala.
2. I-carbon ezimbini kumlilo, zithulula amandla e-graphite electrode
Ayisiyo ntsimbi kuphela, imveliso ye-graphite electrode ikwalishishini elisebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye nokukhupha umbane omninzi, ukwandiswa kwamandla kwixesha elizayo akunathemba. Ukuveliswa kwetoni enye ye-graphite electrode kudla malunga neetoni ezili-1.7 zamalahle aqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuba iguqulwa ibe ziitoni ezingama-2.66 ze-carbon dioxide ngetoni nganye yamalahle aqhelekileyo, itoni enye ye-graphite electrode ikhupha malunga neetoni ezi-4.5 ze-carbon dioxide emoyeni. I-Inner Mongolia ayisavumi iprojekthi ye-graphite electrode kulo nyaka bubungqina obuhle.
Iqhutywa yi-dual carbon target kunye nomxholo oluhlaza, imveliso yonyaka yee-graphite electrodes nayo yehla okokuqala kwiminyaka emine. Ngo-2017, ukubuyiselwa kwemarike yentsimbi ye-eAF yehlabathi, okuqhuba imfuno yee-graphite electrode, abadlali be-graphite electrode bonyuse imveliso kunye nokwandiswa komthamo, i-Graphite electrode eTshayina ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019 ibonise umkhwa wokukhula okuphezulu.
Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-cycle, yi-eatmeat ephezulu, i-downstream eat noodles.
Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olugqithisileyo kunye nemveliso ye-graphite electrode kushishino, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kubekho isitokhwe esininzi kwimarike, yavula umjelo osezantsi weshishini, ukususwa kwezinto kuye kwaba yeyona nto iphambili. Ngo-2020, imveliso iyonke ye-graphite electrode yehlabathi yehle ngeetoni ezingama-340,000, yehla yaya kuthi ga kwi-22%, imveliso yaseTshayina ye-graphite electrode nayo yehle ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-800,000 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-730,000, imveliso yokwenyani yalo nyaka kulindeleke ukuba yehle kuphela.
Ngobusuku obunye ngaphambi kwenkululeko.
Amandla emveliso awaphezulu, akukho mali (umyinge ophantsi), amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ayanyuka. I-petroleum coke, i-needle coke kutshanje inyuke nge-300-600 yuan/ton ngeveki. Ukudibana kwezi zintathu kushiya abadlali be-graphite benokukhetha okukodwa kuphela, okukukunyusa amaxabiso. Iimveliso ze-electrode ezintathu ze-graphite eziqhelekileyo, ezinamandla aphezulu, ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu zinyuse ixabiso. Ngokwengxelo yeBaichuan Yingfu, nokuba ixabiso liyanyuka, imakethi ye-electrode ye-graphite yaseTshayina isaswele, abanye abavelisi phantse abanazo izinto ze-electrode ze-graphite, izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokunyuka.
3. Ukuguqulwa kwentsimbi, ukuze kubekho indawo yokucinga evulekileyo ye-graphite electrode
Ukuba imida yemveliso, ukunyuka kweendleko kunye nokungabi nzuzo zezona zinto ziqhuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ee-electrode ze-graphite emva kokuba umjikelo uphelile, utshintsho kwishishini lentsimbi luvula umbono wokunyuka kwamaxabiso ee-electrode ze-graphite eziphezulu kwixesha elizayo.
Okwangoku, malunga ne-90% yemveliso yentsimbi eluhlaza yasekhaya ivela kwi-blast furnace steelmaking (coke), ekhupha kakhulu ikhabhoni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yeemfuno zesizwe zokuguqulwa nokuphuculwa komthamo wentsimbi, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni, abanye abavelisi bentsimbi baye batshintsha ukusuka kwi-blast furnace ukuya kwi-electric arc furnace. Imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo eyaziswa kunyaka ophelileyo ikwabonise ukuba imveliso yentsimbi ye-electric arc furnace yayingaphezulu kwe-15% yemveliso iyonke yentsimbi eluhlaza, kwaye bazama ukufikelela kwi-20%. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kuba i-graphite electrode ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-electric arc furnace, ikwaphucula ngokungathanga ngqo iimfuno zomgangatho we-graphite electrode.
Akunasizathu sokuba umlinganiselo wentsimbi ye-EAF uphuculwe. Kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ipesenti yemveliso yentsimbi ye-arc ombane yehlabathi yemveliso yentsimbi eluhlaza ifikelele kwi-25.2%, i-United States, i-European Union amazwe angama-27 ayeyi-62.7%, i-39.4%, ilizwe lethu kule ndawo yenkqubela phambili kukho indawo eninzi, ukuze kwandiswe imfuno ye-graphite electrode.
Ngoko ke, kunokuqikelelwa nje ukuba ukuba imveliso yentsimbi ye-EAF imalunga ne-20% yemveliso iyonke yentsimbi eluhlaza ngo-2025, kwaye imveliso yentsimbi eluhlaza ibalwa ngokweetoni ezingama-800 ezigidi ngonyaka, imfuno ye-graphite electrode yaseTshayina ngo-2025 imalunga neetoni ezingama-750,000. UFrost Sullivan uqikelela ukuba ubuncinane ikota yesine yalo nyaka isenendawo yokusebenza.
Liyinyaniso elokuba i-graphite electrode iphakama ngokukhawuleza, konke kuxhomekeke kwibhanti yesithando somlilo se-arc yombane.
4. Ukushwankathela
Ukuqukumbela, i-graphite electrode ineempawu ezinamandla zexesha elithile, kwaye iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwayo zilula kakhulu, nto leyo ephenjelelwa kakhulu lishishini lentsimbi elisezantsi. Emva kokuhlaziywa kwe-2017 ukuya ku-2019, yehla kunyaka ophelileyo. Kulo nyaka, phantsi komda wemveliso, inzuzo ephantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu, ixabiso le-graphite electrode liye lehla kwaye izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokunyuka.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa yeemfuno zotshintsho oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi, intsimbi ye-EAF iya kuba sisikhuthazo esibalulekileyo sokuqhuba ukwanda kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode, kodwa utshintsho nokuphucula kuya kuba yinkqubo ende. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ee-graphite electrodes kusenokungabi lula kangako.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-08-2021