Ngowe-1955, iJilin Carbon Factory, ishishini lokuqala laseTshayina legraphite electrode, lasetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngoncedo lweengcali zobugcisa ezazisakuba yiSoviet Union. Kwimbali yophuhliso lwe-graphite electrode, kukho abalinganiswa ababini baseTshayina.
I-electrode yegraphite, imathiriyeli yegraphite ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokuqhuba umbane wangoku kunye nowokuvelisa umbane, osetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yombane.intsimbi.
Kwimvelaphi yokunyuka kwempahla ngokubanzi, i-electrode yegraphite yalo nyaka ayisebenzi. Umndilili wexabiso lemarike yegraphite electrode yayiyi-21393 yuan/ton,phezulu 51%ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ndiyabulela kule nto, i-electrode yasekhaya ye-electrode umzalwana omkhulu (isabelo semarike esingaphezulu kwe-20%) - i-Fang Da carbon (600516) kwikota yesithathu yokuqala yalo nyaka ingeniso yokusebenza ye-3.57 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan, ukukhula konyaka-ngonyaka we-37% , buyela ekukhuleni kwengeniso kanina nge-118%. Le mpumelelo imangalisayo itsale amaziko angaphezu kwama-30 ukuba enze uphando kwiveki ephelileyo, apho kukho amashishini amakhulu onyuso-mali karhulumente afana ne-Efonda kunye ne-Harvest.
Kwaye abahlobo abanikela ingqalelo kwishishini lamandla ombane bonke bayazi ukuba phantsi kwentsimbi yentsimbi yetempile yokusetyenziswa kwamandla olawulo kabini, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye namashishini ongcoliseko oluphezulu ayeke ukuvelisa kunye nokuvalwa. Iintsimbi zentsimbi njengamashishini aphezulu aphindwe kabini kufuneka kwakhona adlale indima ephambili kwi-hebei iron kunye nephondo lentsimbi libalaseleyo. Ngokwenyaniso, imveliso yentsimbi encinci, imfuno ye-graphite electrode nayo iya kuncipha, kunye neenzwane ezinokucinga ngayo, amaxabiso e-electrode yegraphite kufuneka ehle ah.
1. Ngaphandle kwee-electrode zegraphite, ii-arc furnaces zombane azisebenzi ngokwenene
Ukuqonda ngokubanzi i-electrode yegraphite, kuyimfuneko ukuvula ikhonkco leshishini lokujonga kancinci. Phezulu, i-electrode yegraphite ukuya kwi-petroleum coke, inaliti ye-coke yeemveliso ezimbini zeekhemikhali njengezinto ezikrwada, ngolungiselelo lwenkqubo entsonkothileyo eyi-11,Itoni e-1 ye-electrode yegraphite idinga i-1.02 yeetoni zezinto eziluhlaza, umjikelo wemveliso weentsuku ezingaphezu kwama-50, iindleko zempahla zibalelwa ngaphezulu kwama-65%.
Njengoko benditshilo, ii-electrode zegraphite ziqhuba umbane. Ngokobuninzi obuvumelekileyo bangoku, i-electrode yegraphite inokwahlulwa ngakumbiamandla rhoqo, amandla aphezulu kunye ultra-high amandlai-electrode yegraphite. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.
Ngaphantsi komlambo, i-electrode yegraphite isetyenziswa kwii-arc furnaces, i-silicon yezoshishino kunyephosphorus etyheliimveliso, imveliso yentsimbi ngokubanzi akhawunti malunga80%yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwee-electrode zegraphite, ixabiso lakutshanje libangelwa ikakhulu kwishishini lentsimbi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenani elandayo leentsimbi ze-EAF ezinamandla aphezulu aphezulu aneendleko ezingcono zokusebenza, ii-electrode zegraphite nazo ziphuhla zisiya kumandla aphezulu, asebenza ngcono kunamandla aqhelekileyo. Ngubani inkosiI-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezuluitekhnoloji, ngubani oza kukhokela imarike yexesha elizayo. Okwangoku, abenzi behlabathi abaphezulu abali-10 be-ultra-high power graphite electrode benza malunga ne-44.4% yesiphumo sisonke se-ultra-high power graphite electrode ehlabathini. Imarike igxile kakhulu, kwaye ilizwe eliphambili eliphambili yiJapan.
Ukuqonda kangcono oku kulandelayo, nantsi isingeniso esifutshane sendlela yokwenza intsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyibilika kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi kwahlulweisithando somlilokwayei-arc yombane yombane: Eyangaphambili iya kuba yintsimbi ekrwada, i-coke kunye nezinye ezinyibilikisa intsimbi yehagu, kwaye ke isixa esikhulu se-oxygen evuthela isiguquli, intsimbi etyhidiweyo ye-decarbonization ibe yintsimbi yolwelo. Enye ithatha ithuba leepropathi ezigqwesileyo zombane kunye ne-thermal yee-electrode zegraphite ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esilahliweyo kwaye siyenze ibe yintsimbi.
Ngoko ke, i-electrode ye-graphite ye-EAF yokwenza isinyithi, njenge-PVDF ye-lithium anode, imfuno ayikho kakhulu (i-toni eyi-1 yentsimbi idla kuphela i-electrode ye-graphite eyi-1.2-2.5kg), kodwa ngokwenene akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwakhe. Kwaye akusayi kubakho ukutshintshwa nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala.
2. Iikhabhoni ezimbini zomlilo, zithulule umthamo we-electrode yegraphite
Ayisiyinsimbi kuphela, imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite nayo isetyenziselwa amandla aphezulu kunye noshishino olukhutshwayo oluphezulu, ukwandiswa kwamandla okuzayo akunethemba. Ukuveliswa kwetoni enye ye-electrode yegraphite kudla malunga neetoni ezi-1,7 zamalahle aqhelekileyo, yaye ukuba iguqulwa ibe yi-2,66 yeetoni zekharbon diokside ngetoni yamalahle aqhelekileyo, itoni enye ye<em>graphite electrode ikhupha malunga neetoni ezi-4,5 ze<em>carbon dioxide emoyeni. I-Inner Mongolia ayisayi kuvuma iprojekthi ye-graphite electrode kulo nyaka bubungqina obuhle.
Iqhutywa kukujoliswa kwekhabhoni kabini kunye nomxholo oluhlaza, imveliso yonyaka yee-electrode zegraphite nayo yehla okokuqala kwiminyaka emine. Ngo-2017, ukubuyiswa kwemarike yentsimbi ye-eAF yehlabathi jikelele, ukuqhuba imfuno ye-graphite electrode, abadlali be-graphite electrode baye banda imveliso kunye nokwandiswa kwamandla, i-Graphite electrode e-China ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019 ibonise ukukhula okuphezulu.
Umjikelo obizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo, kukutya kwenyama engasentla, ezantsi komlambo i-noodles.
Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olugqithisileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-electrode yegraphite kushishino, okubangele isitokhwe esininzi kwimarike, kwavula umjelo wokuhla weshishini, ukukhutshwa kwempahla kuye kwaba lolona culo luphambili. Ngo-2020, imveliso iyonke ye-electrode yegraphite yehlabathi yehle ngeetoni ezingama-340,000, yehla yaya kutsho kuma-22%, imveliso yaseTshayina ye-graphite electrode nayo yehla ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-800,000 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-730,000, imveliso yalo nyaka kulindeleke ukuba yehle kuphela.
Ngobunye ubusuku emva kwenkululeko.
Umthamo wemveliso awunyuki, akukho mali (ixabiso eliphantsi), amaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada ayenyuka. Ipetroleum coke, inaliti coke kutshanje ngeveki up 300-600 yuan/ton. Indibaniselwano yezi zintathu ishiya abadlali begraphite benenketho enye kuphela, kukunyusa amaxabiso. Amandla aqhelekileyo, aphezulu, amandla e-ultra-high iimveliso ze-electrode ezintathu zegraphite zonyuse ixabiso. Ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-Baichuan Yingfu, nokuba ixabiso liyenyuka, imarike ye-graphite electrode yaseTshayina inqabile, abanye abavelisi phantse akukho luhlu lwe-graphite electrode, izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka linyuka.
3. Ukuguqulwa kwentsimbi, kwi-graphite electrode open imagination space
Ukuba imida yokuvelisa, ukunyuka kweendleko kunye nokungabi nanzuzo yimpembelelo yokunyuka kwexabiso le-electrode yegraphite emva komjikelezo ophantsi, ukuguqulwa koshishino lwentsimbi luvula ingcamango yokunyuka kwexabiso elizayo le-electrode ye-graphite ephezulu.
Okwangoku, malunga ne-90% yemveliso yentsimbi yasekhaya ekrwada ivela kwi-blast furnace steelmaking (coke), ekhupha ikhabhoni enkulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye neemfuno zelizwe zokuguqulwa kwamandla ensimbi kunye nokuphuculwa, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon, abanye abavelisi bensimbi baye bajika ukusuka kwisithando somlilo ukuya kwisithando sombane se-arc. Imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazelekayo eyaziswa kunyaka odlulileyo iphinde yabonisa ukuba imveliso yensimbi yesithando sombane se-arc ibala ngaphezu kwe-15% yemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada, kwaye izama ukufezekisa i-20%. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngenxa yokuba i-electrode yegraphite ibaluleke kakhulu kwisithando sombane se-arc, iphinda iphucule ngokungathanga ngqo iimfuno zomgangatho we-graphite electrode.
Akukho ngaphandle kwesizathu ukuba umlinganiselo wentsimbi ye-EAF kufuneka uphuculwe. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, ipesenti yemveliso yentsimbi yombane ye-arc yombane yentsimbi ekrwada ifikelele kwi-25.2%, eUnited States, i-European Union amazwe angama-27 ayengama-62.7%, 39.4%, ilizwe lethu kule ndawo yenkqubela phambili kukho indawo eninzi. , ukuze kunyuswe imfuno ye-electrode yegraphite.
Ke ngoko, kunokuqikelelwa ngokulula ukuba imveliso yentsimbi ye-EAF ibalelwa kuma-20% emveliso yentsimbi ekrwada ngo-2025, kwaye imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada ibalwa ngokweetoni ezizigidi ezingama-800 ngonyaka, imfuno ye-electrode yaseTshayina I-2025 imalunga neetoni ezingama-750,000. UFrost Sullivan uqikelela ukuba ubuncinci ikota yesine yalo nyaka isenayo indawo yokubaleka.
Kuyinyani ukuba i-electrode yegraphite iphakama ngokukhawuleza, konke kuxhomekeke kwibhanti yombane ye-arc.
4. Ukushwankathela
Ukuqukumbela, i-electrode yegraphite ineepropati ezinamandla zexesha, kwaye iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwayo zilula, ezichatshazelwa kakhulu yi-industry yensimbi ephantsi. Emva kwe-upcycle ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019, iye yaphela kunyaka ophelileyo. Kulo nyaka, phantsi komgangatho ophezulu womda wemveliso, inzuzo ephantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu, ixabiso le-graphite electrode liye lehla kwaye izinga lokusebenza liyaqhubeka nokunyuka.
Kwixesha elizayo, kunye neemfuno eziluhlaza kunye ne-carbon ephantsi yokuguqulwa kweshishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, i-EAF insimbi iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqhubela phambili ukunyuka kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode, kodwa ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphuculwa kuya kuba yinkqubo ende. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ee-electrode zegraphite kusenokungabi lula kangako.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-08-2021