Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kwihlabathi liphela, imfuno yemarike yezinto ze-anode zebhetri ye-lithium inyuke kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2021, amashishini asibhozo aphezulu e-anode yebhetri ye-lithium kwishishini aceba ukwandisa amandla awo emveliso ukuya kuthi ga kwisigidi seetoni. Ukwenziwa kwe-graphitization kunempembelelo enkulu kwisalathiso kunye neendleko zezinto ze-anode. Izixhobo ze-graphitization eTshayina zineentlobo ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ungcoliseko olukhulu kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lokuzenzekelayo, okuthintela uphuhliso lwezinto ze-anode ze-graphite ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Yingxaki ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwezinto ze-anode.
1. Imeko yangoku kunye nothelekiso lwesithando somlilo esingalunganga se-graphitization
1.1 Isithando somlilo se-Atchison negative graphitization
Kwi-furnace eguquliweyo esekwe kwi-electrode yendabuko ye-Aitcheson furnace graphitization furnace, i-furnace yokuqala igcwele i-graphite crucible njengomthwali wezinto ze-electrode ezingalunganga (i-crucible igcwele izinto ze-electrode ezingalunganga ezirhabaxa), i-furnace core izaliswe zizinto zokumelana nokufudumeza, umaleko wangaphandle uzaliswe zizinto zokuthintela ukufudumeza kunye ne-furnace dorm insulation. Emva kokufakelwa kombane, ubushushu obuphezulu be-2800 ~ 3000℃ buveliswa ikakhulu kukufudumeza kwezinto zokuthintela ukuxhathisa, kwaye izinto ezingalunganga ezikwi-crucible zifudunyezwa ngokungathanga ngqo ukuze kufezekiswe i-inking yamatye obushushu obuphezulu bezinto ezingalunganga.
1.2. Isithando sobushushu sangaphakathi se-graphitization series
Imodeli yesithando somlilo ibhekisa kwisithando somlilo se-graphitization esisetyenziswa kwimveliso yee-electrode ze-graphite, kwaye ii-electrode crucible ezininzi (ezigcwele izinto ze-electrode ezingalunganga) ziqhagamshelwe kuthotho olude. Isithando somlilo se-electrode sisixhobo sokuthwala kunye nomzimba wokufudumeza, kwaye umbane udlula kwi-electrode crucible ukuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo izinto ze-electrode ezingalunganga zangaphakathi. Inkqubo ye-GRAPHitization ayisebenzisi izinto zokuxhathisa, yenza kube lula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokulayisha nokubhaka, kwaye inciphisa ukulahleka kokugcinwa kobushushu kwezinto zokuxhathisa, igcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
1.3 Isithando sokufakelwa kwegrafu yohlobo lwebhokisi yegridi
Isicelo seNombolo 1 sikhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eyona nto iphambili ifundwe yi-Series Acheson graphitization furnace kunye neempawu zobuchwepheshe ezidityanisiweyo ze-graphitizing furnace, isiseko se-furnace sisebenzisa iziqwenga ezininzi ze-anode plate grid box material structure, izinto zingena kwi-cathode kwi-rewhat material, ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo oludibeneyo phakathi kwekholamu ye-anode plate luzinzile, isikhongozeli ngasinye, kusetyenziswa i-anode plate seal enezixhobo ezifanayo. Ikholamu kunye ne-anode plate yesakhiwo sebhokisi yezinto kunye zenza umzimba wokufudumeza. Umbane uhamba nge-electrode yentloko ye-furnace uye emzimbeni wokufudumeza wesiseko se-furnace, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu obuveliswayo bufudumeza ngqo izinto ze-anode kwibhokisi ukuze kufezekiswe injongo ye-graphitization.
1.4 Ukuthelekiswa kweentlobo ezintathu zesithando somlilo se-graphitization
Isithando sobushushu sangaphakathi se-graphitization sisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ngqo izinto ngokufudumeza i-electrode ye-graphite engenanto. "Ubushushu beJoule" obuveliswa yi-current nge-electrode crucible busetyenziswa kakhulu ukufudumeza izinto kunye ne-crucible. Isantya sokufudumeza siyakhawuleza, ukusasazwa kobushushu kuyafana, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu kuphezulu kunesithando sobushushu se-Atchison esiqhelekileyo esinokufudumeza izinto ezichaseneyo. Isithando sobushushu se-graphitization sebhokisi yegridi sisebenzisa iingenelo zesithando sobushushu sangaphakathi se-graphitization, kwaye samkela ipleyiti ye-anode ebhakiweyo kwangaphambili ngexabiso eliphantsi njengomzimba wokufudumeza. Xa kuthelekiswa nesithando sobushushu se-graphitization se-serial, amandla okulayisha esithando sobushushu sebhokisi yegridi sikhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngemveliso nganye yeyunithi kuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Ulwalathiso lophuhliso lwesithando somlilo esingalunganga se-graphitization
2. 1 Lungiselela ulwakhiwo lodonga olujikeleze ummandla
Okwangoku, umaleko wobushushu wobushushu we-graphitization furnace ezininzi uzaliswe kakhulu yi-carbon black kunye ne-petroleum coke. Le nxalenye yezinto zobushushu ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu itshiswa, ixesha ngalinye ukulayisha ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintsha okanye ukongeza izinto zobushushu ezikhethekileyo, ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo yokusingqongileyo embi, amandla aphezulu abasebenzi.
Ngaba unokucinga ngokusebenzisa i-adobe enamandla aphezulu kunye nesamente yobushushu obuphezulu, ukonyusa amandla ayo yonke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba udonga luzinzile kumjikelo wonke wokusebenza kwi-deformation, ukutywinwa komthungo wezitena ngaxeshanye, ukuthintela umoya ogqithisileyo Ngokudlula kwiimfanta zodonga lwezitena kunye nomsantsa wamalungu ukuya esithandweni, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokutsha kwe-oxidation kwezinto zokukhusela kunye nezinto ze-anode;
Okwesibini kukufaka umaleko wobushushu ohambayo oxhonywe ngaphandle kodonga lwesithando somlilo, njengokusetyenziswa kwebhodi ye-fiberboard enamandla aphezulu okanye ibhodi ye-calcium silicate, inqanaba lokufudumeza lidlala indima yokuvala kunye nokukhusela, inqanaba lokubanda kulula ukulisusa ukuze kuphole ngokukhawuleza; Okwesithathu, itshaneli yokungenisa umoya ibekwe ezantsi kwesithando somlilo kunye nodonga lwesithando somlilo. Itshaneli yokungenisa umoya isebenzisa isakhiwo sezitena se-lattice esenziwe ngaphambili kunye nomlomo wabasetyhini webhanti, ngelixa ixhasa udonga lwesamente olushushu kakhulu, kwaye icinge ngokuphola komoya okunyanzelekileyo kwisigaba sokubanda.
2. 2 Lungiselela i-curve yombane ngokulinganisa ngamanani
Okwangoku, ijika lombane wesithando se-graphitization se-electrode esingesihle senziwe ngokwemava, kwaye inkqubo ye-graphitization ilungiswa ngesandla nangaliphi na ixesha ngokwemeko yobushushu kunye ne-furnace, kwaye akukho mgangatho udibeneyo. Ukuphucula ijika lokufudumeza kunokunciphisa ngokucacileyo isalathisi sokusebenzisa amandla kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwesithando. I-NIMERICAL IMODEL OF needle alignment MAYISEKELWE ngeendlela zesayensi ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zemida kunye neeparamitha zomzimba, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kombane wangoku, i-voltage, amandla apheleleyo kunye nokusasazwa kobushushu becandelo elinqamlezileyo kwinkqubo ye-grapHItization kufuneka buhlalutywe, ukuze kwenziwe ijika elifanelekileyo lokufudumeza kwaye lihlengahlengiswe rhoqo ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Njengakwinqanaba lokuqala lokudluliselwa kwamandla kukusetyenziswa kokudluliselwa kwamandla aphezulu, emva koko kunciphisa amandla ngokukhawuleza uze unyuke kancinci, amandla uze unciphise amandla de kube sekupheleni kwamandla.
2. 3 Yandisa ubomi benkonzo yomzimba oqhotsiweyo nowokufudumeza
Ukongeza ekusebenziseni amandla, ubomi be-crucible kunye ne-heater bukwamisela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko ze-graphitization engalunganga. Kwi-graphite crucible kunye ne-graphite heating body, inkqubo yolawulo lwemveliso yokulayisha ngaphandle, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwesantya sokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, umgca wemveliso we-crucible ozenzekelayo, ukuqinisa ukutywinwa ukuthintela i-oxidation kunye nezinye iindlela zokwandisa amaxesha okuphinda kusetyenziswe i-crucible, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko ze-graphite inking. Ukongeza kwezi zilinganiso zingentla, ipleyiti yokufudumeza ye-grid box graphitization furnace ingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokufudumeza ze-anode ebhakiweyo kwangaphambili, i-electrode okanye izinto ezizinzileyo ze-carbonaceous ezine-resistivity ephezulu ukuze kongiwe iindleko ze-graphitization.
2.4 Ulawulo lwegesi yolwelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu obumdaka
Igesi yeflue eveliswa ngexesha le-graphitization ikakhulu ivela kwii-volatiles kunye neemveliso zokutsha zezinto ze-anode, ukutsha kwekhabhoni engaphezulu, ukuvuza komoya njalo njalo. Ekuqaleni kokuqaliswa kwesithando somlilo, ii-volatiles kunye nothuli ziyaphuma kwinani elikhulu, imeko ye-workshop ayintle, uninzi lwamashishini alunamanyathelo onyango asebenzayo, le yeyona ngxaki inkulu echaphazela impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwimveliso ye-electrode engalunganga. Kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo engaphezulu yokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukuqokelelwa kunye nokulawulwa okusebenzayo kwegesi yeflue kunye nothuli kwi-workshop, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okungenisa umoya ukunciphisa ubushushu be-workshop kunye nokuphucula imeko yokusebenza ye-graphitization workshop.
Emva kokuba igesi yombhobho iqokelelwe nge-flue iye kwigumbi lokutsha, isuse uninzi lwe-tar kunye nothuli kwigesi yombhobho, kulindeleke ukuba ubushushu begesi yombhobho kwigumbi lokutsha bube ngaphezulu kwama-800℃, kwaye ubushushu benkunkuma yegesi yombhobho bunokufunyanwa ngebhoyila yomphunga wobushushu okanye i-shell heat exchanger. Itekhnoloji yokutshisa i-RTO esetyenziswa kunyango lomsi we-asphalt yekhabhoni nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa, kwaye igesi yombhobho we-asphalt ifudunyezwa ukuya kuma-850 ~ 900℃. Ngokutsha kokugcina ubushushu, i-asphalt kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nezinye ii-hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi kwigesi yombhobho ziyanyibilikiswa kwaye ekugqibeleni ziboliswe zibe yi-CO2 kunye ne-H2O, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-99%. Inkqubo inokusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza.
2. 5 Isithando somlilo esiqhubekayo esingalunganga se-graphitization
Ezi ntlobo zimbini ze-graphitization furnace zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zezona zakhiwo ziphambili ze-furnace zemveliso ye-anode eTshayina, into eqhelekileyo kukuveliswa rhoqo, ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi, ukulayisha ngaphandle kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngesandla, inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo aliphezulu. I-furnace efanayo eqhubekayo engalunganga ye-graphitization inokuphuhliswa ngokubhekisa kwimodeli ye-furnace ye-petroleum coke calcination kunye ne-bauxite calcination shaft furnace. I-ARC yokumelana isetyenziswa njengomthombo wobushushu obuphezulu, izinto zikhutshwa rhoqo ngumxhuzulane wazo, kwaye isakhiwo sokupholisa amanzi esiqhelekileyo okanye i-gasification sisetyenziselwa ukupholisa izinto ezishushu eziphezulu kwindawo yokuphuma, kwaye inkqubo yokuhambisa i-powder pneumatic isetyenziselwa ukukhupha nokondla izinto ngaphandle kwe-furnace. Uhlobo lwe-FURNACE lunokwenza imveliso eqhubekayo, ukulahleka kokugcinwa kobushushu bomzimba we-furnace kunokunganakwa, ngoko ke ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu kuphuculwe kakhulu, iingenelo zokuphuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla zicacile, kwaye ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo kunokufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo. Iingxaki eziphambili ekufuneka zisonjululwe kukunyibilika komgubo, ukufana kwezinga lokwenziwa kwegrafiti, ukhuseleko, ukujonga ubushushu kunye nokuphola, njl. Kukholelwa ukuba ngophuhliso oluphumelelayo lwesithando somlilo ukukhulisa imveliso yemizi-mveliso, kuya kubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwegrafiti ye-electrode engalunganga.
3 ulwimi lweqhina
Inkqubo yekhemikhali yegrafiti yeyona ngxaki inkulu echaphazela abavelisi bezinto ze-anode zebhetri ye-lithium. Isizathu esiyintloko kukuba kusekho iingxaki ezithile ekusebenziseni amandla, iindleko, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, izinga lokuzenzekelayo, ukhuseleko kunye nezinye iinkalo zesithando somlilo esisetyenziswa rhoqo segrafiti. Ikamva leshishini lijolise ekuphuhlisweni kwesakhiwo sesithando somlilo esiqhubekayo esizenzekelayo nesicwangcisiweyo, kunye nokuxhasa izibonelelo zenkqubo ezivundileyo nezithembekileyo. Ngelo xesha, iingxaki zegrafiti ezichaphazela amashishini ziya kuphucuka kakhulu, kwaye ishishini liya kungena kwixesha lophuhliso oluzinzileyo, liphucula uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamashishini amatsha anxulumene namandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-19-2022