Isishwankathelo seMarike: Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2022, ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwemarike ye-petroleum coke yaseTshayina kulungile, kwaye ixabiso le-petroleum coke libonisa umkhwa "wokunyuka - ukuhla - okuzinzileyo". Ixhaswa yimfuno ephantsi, ixabiso le-petroleum coke kwinqanaba lokugqibela liye lehla, kodwa lisekwinqanaba eliphezulu kwimbali. Ngo-2022, ukunikezelwa kwe-petroleum coke kunyuke kancinci kwikota edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yempembelelo yeMidlalo yeOlimpiki yaseBusika, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eoli ekrwada yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane, iifektri zokucoca zinciphise imveliso kwikota yokuqala ngaphambi kwexesha elicwangcisiweyo. Imveliso ibuyele kancinci kwikota yesibini, ngelixa inani elikhulu lokungeniswa kwe-petroleum coke, ukunikezelwa kwesulfure okuphakathi kunye nokuphezulu kunyukile, ukunikezelwa kwe-sulfure coke okuphantsi kusencinci. Imveliso ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomlambo ngokubanzi igcine ukukhula, kwaye ukunqunyulwa kwamandla eSichuan, eYunnan nakwezinye iindawo zasekuhlaleni kubangele ukwehla kwemveliso, kwaye ixabiso le-aluminium ngokubanzi lizinzile. Imfuno ebuthathaka ye-carburizer, i-graphite electrode, kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yezinto ze-anode kukhokelele ekwahlukeni kwamaxabiso e-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nephantsi kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni. I-petroleum coke yepetroli ichaphazeleke kakhulu yimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. I-high-sulfur coke esetyenziswa kwisamente nakwamanye amashishini ibisoloko iphantsi ixesha elide. Ukungeniswa kwe-high-sulfur fuel coke evela eSaudi Arabia nase-United States kuye kwehla, kodwa ukungeniswa kwe-petroleum coke yaseVenezuela kongezelelwe linani elikhulu lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Isenzo sexabiso
I. I-coke yepetroleum yesulfure ephakathi nephezulu: Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2022, ixabiso lemarike le-coke yepetroleum eTshayina libonise umkhwa jikelele "wokunyuka - ukuhla - okuzinzileyo". Ukususela nge-19 ka-Okthobha, ixabiso eliyireferensi le-coke yepetroleum yayiyi-4581 yuan/ton, inyuke nge-63.08% xa kuthelekiswa nokuqala konyaka. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli, ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, ezifana nemida yemveliso ngexesha leeOlimpiki zasebusika, imida yezothutho ngenxa yolawulo lobhubhane, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla ehlabathi achaphazeleka yingxaki yeRussia-Ukraine, iindleko zokucoca iindawo zokucoca zanda iyonke. Ngenxa yoko, iiyunithi zokucoca kwiindawo ezininzi zokucoca zanciphisa imveliso, kwaye ezinye iiyunithi zokucoca zayeka ukulungiswa kwangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, ukubonelela ngemarike kwehla kakhulu kwaye amaxabiso e-coke anyuka kakhulu. Ukongeza, ezinye iindawo zokucoca ecaleni komlambo zibonelela ngemveliso engalunganga ye-coke yepetroleum yesulfure, ixabiso le-coke yepetroleum landa kancinci kancinci phantsi kwesalathiso esifanayo; Ukususela ngoMeyi, iiyunithi zokucoca ezazivaliwe kwaye zancitshiswa imveliso ziqalise kwakhona imveliso ngokulandelelana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko, ezinye iifektri zithenge ioyile eluhlaza exabiso liphantsi ukuze yenziwe. Ngenxa yoko, isalathisi se-petroleum coke iyonke kwimarike siye sonakala, kwaye inani elikhulu le-petroleum coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe lifikile echwebeni, ikakhulu lingenisa i-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nephezulu evela eVenezuela, e-United States, eRashiya, eKhanada nakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa ikakhulu kwi-vanadium. I-500PPM ye-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nephezulu, kunye nomzi-mveliso we-aluminium wasekhaya osezantsi uye walawula ngokulandelelana izinto ezilandelelanayo, i-vanadium ephezulu (vanadium > 500PPM) ixabiso le-petroleum coke lehla kakhulu, kwaye umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwe-vanadium ephantsi kunye ne-vanadium ephezulu ye-petroleum coke yanda kancinci kancinci. Ukusukela ngoJuni, njengoko ixabiso le-petroleum coke liqhubeka nokuhla, amashishini e-carbon asezantsi aye angena ngokulandelelana kwimarike ukuze ayithenge. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ixabiso le-petroleum coke eluhlaza lihlala liphezulu ixesha elide kulo nyaka, uxinzelelo lweendleko ezisezantsi lulukhulu, kwaye uninzi lwazo luthenga xa lufunwa, kwaye ixabiso le-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nephezulu ligcina umsebenzi wokutshaja.
Ii. I-Coke yepetroliyam enesi-sulfur ephantsi: Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni, amandla ezinto ze-anode anda, imfuno yemarike yanda kakhulu, kwaye imfuno ye-coke yepetroliyam enesi-sulfur ephantsi yanda kakhulu. Ngo-Epreli, echatshazelwe kukuvalwa okulindelekileyo kwe-CNOOC refinery yokulungisa, ixabiso le-coke yepetroliyam enesi-sulfur ephantsi laqhubeka liphezulu; Ukususela ngoJulayi, umlinganiselo wamandla obushushu obuphezulu, ukusebenza kwemarike yesinyithi esezantsi kuphantsi, ukuncipha kwemveliso, ukumiswa kwemveliso, umbane we-graphite esezantsi kufuneka ube yile meko, ukuncipha kwemveliso engaphezulu, inxalenye yokuvalwa, inkxaso yexabiso le-coke yepetroliyam esezantsi yesalfur ephantsi incinci, ixabiso le-coke yesalfur ephantsi yesalfure liphantsi; Ukususela ngoSeptemba, uMnyhadala weSizwe kunye noMnyhadala weMid-Autumn ufike omnye emva komnye. Isitokhwe esisezantsi sixhase ixabiso le-coke yesalfur ephantsi ukuba linyuke kancinci, kodwa ngokufika kwe-20 enkulu, i-downstream ifumana iimpahla ngononophelo, kwaye ixabiso le-coke yesalfure ephantsi yesalfure lihlale lizinzile, kwaye kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso oluthile.
Ngokuphathelele i-fuel coke, ngo-2022, amaxabiso amandla ehlabathi aza kunyuka, amaxabiso angaphandle aza kuhlala ephezulu kwaye engaguquguquki ixesha elide, ixabiso lexesha elide le-high-sulfur pellet coke liza kuguqulwa, ukungeniswa kwe-high-sulfur fuel coke evela eSaudi Arabia nase-United States kuza kwehla, kwaye ixabiso le-petroleum coke yaseVenezuela liza kuba liphantsi, ngoko ke ukungeniswa kuya kongeza kwimarike. Ixabiso le-low sulfur projectile coke liphezulu, kwaye isalathisi semfuno ye-petroleum coke kwimarike ye-fuel yeglasi silungisiwe.
Icala lokubonelela
1. Umthamo weeyunithi zokupheka ezicothayo unyuke kancinci ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha ngo-2022. Utshintsho lomthamo lugxininiswe ngoSeptemba, xa iseti yeetoni ezingama-500,000 ngonyaka zeyunithi zokupheka eShandong yamiswa kwaye iseti yeetoni ezili-1.2 lezigidi ngonyaka zeyunithi zokupheka eMantla-ntshona eTshayina yafakwa kwimveliso.
Ii. Imveliso ye-petroleum coke yaseTshayina ngoJanuwari-Septemba 2022 inyuke nge-2.13% xa ithelekiswa naleyo yangoJanuwari-Septemba 2021, apho ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-2,773,600, ukunyuka kwe-14.88% xa kuthelekiswa naleyo yangexesha elifanayo ngo-2021, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba amandla okuvelisa iiyunithi ezimbini ezintsha ze-coking eShandong aqaliswa ukusebenza kwaye aqaliswa kwakhona ngoJuni 2021 nangoNovemba 2021, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukunikezelwa kwe-petroleum coke kwimarike kunyuke kakhulu; Nangona kunjalo, unyaka wonke, ukunyuka kwemveliso ye-petroleum coke ikakhulu kukwi-petroleum coke ephakathi nephezulu yesulfure, ikakhulu ngenxa yokunyuka kwexabiso le-oyile ekrwada kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokucoca iindawo zokucoca. Ezinye iindawo zokucoca zisebenzisa i-oyile ekrwada enexabiso eliphantsi ukunciphisa iindleko, kwaye i-petroleum coke isetyenziswa njengemveliso yeyunithi ye-coking, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokungathanga ngqo ekuwohlokeni kwesalathisi siphela semarike ye-petroleum coke. Ngokwezibalo zeYinfu, imveliso ye-petroleum coke ephakathi nephezulu ngoJanuwari-Septemba 2022 inyuke nge-2.38% xa kuthelekiswa naleyo yangoJanuwari-Septemba 2021.
Iii. Isixa se-petroleum coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti 2022 yi-9.1273 yezigidi zeetoni, ukonyuka konyaka nge-5.16%. Ngokutsho kukaBacuan Yinfu, isixa se-petroleum coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke nokwanda ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya ekupheleni konyaka, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-petroleum coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe kuqhubeke nokwanda.
Icala lemfuno
I. Ngokuphathelele imakethi yekhabhoni ye-aluminium, ixabiso le-aluminium ye-electrolytic ekupheleni komgca liye latshintsha ukuya phakathi kwe-18,000-19000 yuan/ton, kwaye indawo yenzuzo iyonke yeshishini le-aluminium ye-electrolytic isekhona. Imakethi yekhabhoni ye-aluminium esezantsi iqala ukusebenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu lexesha elide, kwaye imakethi iyonke inemfuno entle ye-petroleum coke. Nangona kunjalo, ixhomekeke kwindlela yokuthengisa "yohlengahlengiso lwexabiso elinye ngenyanga", kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lexesha elide le-petroleum coke eluhlaza, okubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu lweendleko kwaye ikakhulu ukuthengwa kwemfuno.
Imarike ye-graphite electrode esezantsi ithengwa kakhulu xa ifunwa. Ukususela ngoJulayi ukuya ku-Agasti, ngenxa yempembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu, ezinye iimarike zentsimbi zinciphise imveliso okanye ziyeke ukuvelisa. Icala lokubonelela ngamashishini e-graphite electrode linciphise imveliso, nto leyo ebangele ukwehla okukhulu kwemfuno yemarike ye-graphite electrode. Imfuno yemarike yeCarburizer izinzile; Urhulumente uxhasa ngamandla uphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lamandla. Amandla emveliso yemarike yezinto ze-anode akhule ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno ye-petroleum coke inyuke kakhulu. Ukuze kongiwe iindleko, amanye amashishini aphuhlise iinkqubo ezintsha zokutshintsha i-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephantsi nge-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephakathi, ngaloo ndlela enciphisa iindleko.
Iii. Ngokuphathelele i-fuel coke, ixabiso lamandla lehlabathi ngo-2022 linyukile, ixabiso langaphandle beliphezulu kwaye liguquguquka ixesha elide, ixabiso lexesha elide le-high-sulfur pellet coke litshintshile, kwaye ukusebenza kwentengiselwano yemarike kuphakathi, ngelixa imakethi ye-sulfur pellet coke ephakathi izinzile.
Uqikelelo lwemarike yexesha elizayo
1. Ngokwembono yokunikezelwa kwe-petroleum coke, kulindeleke ukuba ukunikezelwa kwemarike ye-petroleum coke kuqhubeke nokwanda, kwaye amandla eeyunithi ze-coking ezisandula ukwakhiwa kwinqanaba elilandelayo afakwe kwimveliso ngokulandelelana. Kulindeleke ukuba i-petroleum coke yesulfure ephakathi nephezulu iya kulawula, kodwa uninzi lwazo kulindeleke ukuba zisetyenziselwe ukuzisebenzisa, nto leyo eya kubonelela ngenkxaso encinci kwimarike. Imfuno yamashishini asekhaya ye-petroleum coke iya kuqhubeka nokwanda, kwaye inani le-petroleum coke engeniswayo kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke nokukhula.
2. Ngokwembono yemfuno esezantsi, uBachuan Yinfu uqikelela ukuba imfuno ye-petroleum coke kushishino olusezantsi iya kuqhubeka inyuka ekupheleni kuka-2022 no-2023. Phantsi kwempembelelo yoxinzelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokwehla okulandelayo kwemveliso yeoyile ekrwada yiSaudi Arabia kunye ne-Opec, ixabiso leoyile ekrwada kulindeleke ukuba lihlale liphezulu, icandelo leendleko lixhaswa kakuhle, kwaye imveliso ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic esezantsi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula, kwaye imfuno iyonke ye-petroleum coke kushishino iyaqhubeka nokubonisa umkhwa okhulayo. Utyalo-mali olutsha kwimarike yezinto ze-anode lukhawuleza, imfuno ye-petroleum coke kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke inyuka; Ixabiso lamalahle kulindeleke ukuba litshintshe ngaphakathi koluhlu olulawulekayo phantsi kwempembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe yezoqoqosho. Imfuno yemarike yeglasi, isamente, izityalo zamandla, ii-electrode kunye nee-carburizing agents kulindeleke ukuba ihlale iphakathi.
3. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane kulindeleke ukuba isabe nefuthe elikhulu kwezinye iindawo, ikakhulu ithintela ukuthuthwa kweemoto. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokulinganisela amandla kunye nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kulindeleke ukuba isenefuthe kwezinye iindawo, kwaye impembelelo iyonke kwimarike kulindeleke ukuba inciphe.
Lilonke, kulindeleke ukuba amaxabiso e-petroleum coke ekupheleni kuka-2022 no-2023 aza kuhlala ephezulu kwaye engaguquguquki. Kulindeleke ukuba uluhlu oluphambili lwamaxabiso e-petroleum coke yi-6000-8000 yuan/ton kwi-sulfur coke ephantsi (malunga ne-0.5% yesalfure), i-3400-5500 yuan/ton kwi-sulfur coke ephakathi (malunga ne-3.0% yesalfure, ngaphakathi kwe-500 vanadium), kunye ne-sulfur coke ephakathi (malunga ne-3.0% yesalfure, i-vanadium > 500) ixabiso yi-2500-4000 yuan/ton, i-sulfur coke ephezulu (malunga ne-4.5% yeempahla eziqhelekileyo) ixabiso yi-2000-3200 yuan/ton.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-14-2022