1. IZIXHOBO EZINGALUNGISWAYO
ICoke (malunga ne-75-80% yomxholo)
I-Petroleum Coke
I-petroleum coke yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye yenziwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo, ukusuka kwi-needle coke ene-anisotropic ephezulu ukuya kwi-coke ephantse ibe yi-isotropic fluid. I-needle coke ene-anisotropic ephezulu, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, iyimfuneko ekwenzeni ii-electrode ezisebenzayo eziphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwii-oven zombane, apho kufuneka khona umthamo ophezulu kakhulu wombane, woomatshini kunye nowobushushu. I-petroleum coke phantse iveliswa kuphela yinkqubo yokucola ebambezelekileyo, eyinkqubo ecothayo yokwenza i-carbonization yeentsalela ze-oyile eluhlaza.
I-Needle coke ligama elisetyenziswa rhoqo kuhlobo oluthile lwe-coke olune-graphitizability ephezulu kakhulu ebangelwa kukujongwa okunamandla okuthandwayo okulinganayo kwesakhiwo sayo se-turbostratic layer kunye nemo ethile yomzimba yeenkozo.
Izibopheleli (malunga ne-20-25% yomxholo)
Itha yelaphu yamalahle
Izinto zokubopha zisetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amasuntswana aqinileyo. Ubuchule bawo bokumanzisa buguqula umxube ube yimeko yeplastiki yokubunjwa okanye ukukhupha emva koko.
I-coal tar pitch yi-organic compound kwaye inesakhiwo esicacileyo se-aromatic. Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo beeringi ze-benzene ezitshintshiweyo nezihlanganisiweyo, sele inesakhiwo se-graphite esine-hexagonal lattice esakhiwe ngokucacileyo, ngaloo ndlela inceda ukwakheka kweendawo ze-graphitic ezicwangcisiweyo kakuhle ngexesha le-graphitisation. I-pitch ibonakalise ukuba yeyona binder inenzuzo. Yintsalela ye-distillation ye-coal tar.
2. UKUXUBISA NOKWENZA OKUNGENAYO
I-coke egayiweyo ixutywe ne-coal tar pitch kunye nezinye izongezo ukuze zenze intlama efanayo. Oku kungeniswa kwisilinda yokukhupha. Kwinyathelo lokuqala umoya kufuneka ususwe ngokucinezela kwangaphambili. Emva koko, inyathelo lokukhupha lilandela apho umxube ukhutshwa khona ukuze kwenziwe i-electrode enobubanzi nobude obufunekayo. Ukuze kukwazi ukuxuba kwaye ngakumbi inkqubo yokukhupha (jonga umfanekiso osekunene) umxube kufuneka ube krakra. Oku kufezekiswa ngokuwugcina kubushushu obuphezulu obumalunga ne-120°C (kuxhomekeke kwintlama) ngexesha lenkqubo yonke yokuvelisa eluhlaza. Olu hlobo lusisiseko olunesimo se-cylindrical lwaziwa ngokuba yi-"green electrode".
3. UKUBHAKA
Zimbini iintlobo zee-baking oven ezisetyenziswayo:
Apha iintonga ezikhutshiweyo zifakwa kwiibhokisi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo (ii-saggers). Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguquka kwee-electrodes ngexesha lenkqubo yokufudumeza, ii-saggers nazo zizaliswa ngesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo sesanti. Ii-saggers zilayishwa kumaqonga eemoto (iibhothi zeemoto) kwaye ziqengqeleke kwii-oven zegesi yendalo.
Isithando somlilo esirhangqiweyo
Apha ii-electrode zibekwe kwindawo efihlakeleyo yelitye ezantsi kweholo yemveliso. Le ndawo iyinxalenye yenkqubo yesangqa enamagumbi angaphezu kwe-10. Amagumbi aqhagamshelwe kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza komoya oshushu ukonga amandla. Izithuba eziphakathi kwee-electrode nazo zizaliswa yisanti ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguquka. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhaka, apho iphithi ifakwa kwi-carbon, ubushushu kufuneka bulawulwe ngononophelo kuba kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-800°C ukwakheka kwegesi ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-electrode.
Kule nqanaba ii-electrode zinoxinano olujikeleze i-1,55 - 1,60 kg/dm3.
4. UKUTHATHA
Ii-electrode ezibhakiweyo zifakwe i-pitch ekhethekileyo (i-pitch yolwelo kwi-200°C) ukuze zinike uxinano oluphezulu, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokuqhuba kombane eziya kuzidinga ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwezitovu.
5. UKUBHAKA KWAKHONA
Umjikelo wesibini wokubhaka, okanye "ukubhaka kwakhona," uyafuneka ukuze kufakwe i-carbon kwi-pitch impregnation kwaye kukhutshwe naziphi na izinto eziguquguqukayo eziseleyo. Ubushushu bokubhaka kwakhona bufikelela phantse kwi-750°C. Kule nqanaba ii-electrodes zinokufikelela kuxinano olumalunga ne-1,67 - 1,74 kg/dm3.
6. IGRAFITIZATION
Isithando somlilo saseAcheson
Inyathelo lokugqibela ekwenziweni kwegrafiti kukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ebhakiweyo ibe yigrafiti, ebizwa ngokuba yigrafitizing. Ngexesha lenkqubo yegrafitizing, ikhabhoni ecwangcisiweyo kakhulu okanye engaphantsi (i-turbostratic carbon) iguqulwa ibe yisakhiwo segrafiti esicwangcisiweyo ngokwemilinganiselo emithathu.
Ezi electrode zipakishwe kwii-oven zombane ezijikelezwe zii-carbon particles ukuze zenze i-mass eqinileyo. Umbane udlula kwi-oven, unyusa ubushushu bufikelele kwi-3000°C. Le nkqubo idla ngokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa i-ACHESON FURNACE okanye i-LENGTHWISE FURNACE (LWG).
Ngesithando somlilo sase-Acheson, ii-electrode zenziwa i-graphit kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-batch, ngelixa kwi-LWG isithando somlilo ikholamu yonke yenziwa i-graphit ngaxeshanye.
7. UKUSEBENZA NGOMSHINI
Ii-electrode zegrafiti (emva kokupholisa) zenziwa ngomatshini ngokwemilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye nokunyamezelana. Eli nqanaba linokubandakanya ukucutshungulwa kunye nokufakwa kweziphelo (iisokhethi) zee-electrode ngenkqubo yokudibanisa i-graphite pin (i-nipple) enemisonto.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-08-2021