"Ukulinganiswa kwamandla" kuye kwaba ngumxholo oshushu e-China ukususela ngoSeptemba. Isizathu sokuba "umlinganiselo wamandla" kukukhuthazwa kwenjongo "yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" kunye nokulawulwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukongeza, ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kukho ezahlukeneyo imichiza ixabiso izinto ekrwada iindaba zavela enye emva kwenye, phakathi apho igraphite electrode, into ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino intsimbi, ifumene ingqalelo encinane kwimarike kulo nyaka, kunye neshishini intsimbi kunye nokungathathi hlangothi carbon.
Ikhonkco yezoShishino: isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yentsimbi
I-electrode yegraphite luhlobo lokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu begraphite conductive material, igraphite electrode inokuqhuba imveliso yangoku kunye namandla, ukuze inyibilikise intsimbi emdaka kwiziko lokuqhushumba okanye ezinye izinto eziluhlaza ukuvelisa intsimbi kunye nezinye iimveliso zetsimbi, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yentsimbi. I-electrode yegraphite luhlobo lwemathiriyeli ene-resistivity ephantsi kunye nokuchasana ne-thermal gradient kwisithando sombane se-arc. Iimpawu eziphambili zemveliso ye-graphite electrode ngumjikelezo wemveliso omde (ngokuqhelekileyo uhlala kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nenkqubo yemveliso enzima.
Imeko yekhonkco leshishini le-electrode yegraphite:
I-graphite electrode industry chain chain upstream ekrwada izinto eziphambili ikakhulu kwi-petroleum coke, i-coke yenaliti, umlinganiselo we-akhawunti yempahla ekrwada yexabiso lemveliso ye-graphite electrode inkulu, i-akhawunti engaphezulu kwe-65%, ngenxa yeteknoloji yokuvelisa i-coke ye-naliti yaseTshayina kunye nobuchwepheshe obunxulumene neJapan kunye namanye amazwe kusekho i-gap enkulu, inaliti yasekhaya ye-coke ye-coke isekho kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ophezulu we-coke we-coke kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ophezulu we-coke uxhomekeke kwi-coke yomgangatho ophezulu. Ngo-2018, unikezelo lulonke lwenaliti ye-coke e-China yayingama-418,000 eetoni, apho iitoni ezingama-218,000 zathunyelwa ngaphandle, zibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-50%. Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa kweeelectrode zegraphite kukwenza intsimbi ye-eAF.
I-electrode yegraphite isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwintsimbi kunye nentsimbi yokunyibilikisa. Uphuhliso loshishino lwe-graphite electrode e-China luhambelana ngokusisiseko nokuphuculwa kweshishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yaseTshayina. I-electrode yegraphite yaseTshayina yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1950. I-Warburg Securities yahlule uphuhliso lwe-graphite electrode e-China kwiinqanaba ezintathu:
1. Yaqala uphuhliso ngo-1995 - imveliso eninzi ngo-2011;
2. Ukwahluka kwamashishini kuye kwaqina ngo-2013 — uqoqosho lwaphucuka kakhulu ngo-2017;
3. I-2018 isendleleni ephantsi - iimfazwe zexabiso ziphuma kwi-2019.
Ubonelelo kunye nemfuno: i-akhawunti yombane yesithando somlilo ibangela uninzi
Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngokohlalutyo luka-Frost Sullivan, ukuveliswa kwee-electrode zegraphite e-China kwehle ukusuka kwi-0.53 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2015 ukuya kwi-0.50 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2016, ebonisa ukuhla. Ngo-2020, ubhubhane waba nefuthe elibi kwimisebenzi yabavelisi ngenxa yezithintelo zolawulo kwiiyure zokusebenza, ukuphazamiseka kwabasebenzi kunye notshintsho kwiinkqubo zokusebenza.
Ngenxa yoko, imveliso yaseTshayina yee-electrode zegraphite yehle kakhulu. Ilindele ukuba imveliso ifikelele kwi-1,142.6 yeekhilotoni ngo-2025, kunye ne-cagR emalunga ne-9.7% ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025, njengoko imisebenzi iqala kwakhona kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo kuphuhliso lwentsimbi ye-eAF.
Ngoko ke imveliso, kwaye ke ukusetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode yegraphite e-China yaqala ukunyuka ukusuka kwi-2016, yafikelela kwi-0.59 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2020, kunye ne-cagR ye-10.3% ukusuka ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2020. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ye-graphite kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-0.94 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025. Ngezantsi yi-arhente yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrodecast eneenkcukacha ze-electrodeite.
Imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite iyahambelana nentsimbi ye-EAF. Ukukhula kwemveliso yentsimbi ye-EAF kuya kuqhuba imfuno ye-graphite electrode kwixesha elizayo. I-China ivelise i-127.4 yezigidi zeetoni zentsimbi ye-eaf kunye ne-742,100 yeetoni ze-graphite electrode ngo-2019, ngokutsho kweWorld Iron and Steel Association kunye neChina Carbon Industry Association. Imveliso kunye nezinga lokukhula kwe-electrode yegraphite e-China inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemveliso kunye nezinga lokukhula kwe-eAF steel e-China.
Ngo-2019 kunye no-2020, imfuno yehlabathi jikelele ye-eAF steel kunye ne-non-EAF steel yi-1.376,800 yeetoni kunye ne-1.472,300 yeetoni ngokulandelelanayo. I-Warburg Securities ibikezela ukuba imfuno epheleleyo yehlabathi iya kunyuka ngakumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo kwaye ifikelele malunga neetoni ze-2.104,400 kwi-2025. Imfuno ye-akhawunti yesithando somlilo sombane ichaza uninzi, oluqikelelwa ukuba lufikelele kwiitoni ze-1,809,500 kwi-2025.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokwenza intsimbi yesithando somlilo, ukwenza intsimbi yesithando sombane kuneengenelo ezicacileyo ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni. Xa kuthelekiswa nokwenziwa kwentsimbi yentsimbi, ukwenza intsimbi nge-1 toni ye-scrap steel inokunciphisa iitoni ze-1.6 ze-carbon dioxide ekhutshwayo kunye neetoni ezi-3 zokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo. Uphando lwe-Brokerage ukuba isithando somlilo sombane kunye nentsimbi yokuqhuma intsimbi ngetoni ye-carbon emission ratio kwi-0.5: 1.9 level. Abaphandi bee-brokerage bathi, "uphuhliso lwentsimbi yesithando sombane kufuneka ibe yinto eqhelekileyo."
NgoMeyi, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi ikhuphe iSaziso malunga nokuPhunyezwa kweMigangatho yokuTshintshwa kweCapacity kwi-Iron and Steel Industry, eyaphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni ngoJuni 1. Amanyathelo okuphunyezwa okutshintshwa komthamo kuya kwandisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokutshintshwa kwentsimbi kunye nokwandisa imimandla ephambili yokuthintela nokulawula ukungcola komoya. Amaziko akholelwa ukuba indlela entsha yokutshintsha umthamo iya kunciphisa ngakumbi amandla ensimbi, idibanise imboni yentsimbi ukusombulula umthamo ogqithisileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphunyezwa kwendlela ehlaziyiweyo yokutshintsha kuya kukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwe-eAF, kwaye inxalenye yentsimbi ye-eAF iya kwandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
I-electrode ye-graphite iyona nto iphambili yesithando sombane, ekhuthazwa yimfuno yesithando sombane, imfuno yayo kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ngakumbi, i-graphite electrode ichaphazeleka ngexabiso layo.
Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso elikhulu: iimpawu ze-cyclical
Ukusukela ngo-2014 ukuya kowama-2016, imakethi yehlabathi ye-graphite electrode yehlile ngenxa yemfuno ebuthathaka yomlambo, kwaye amaxabiso e-electrode egraphite ahlala ephantsi. Ngo-2016 kunye nabavelisi be-graphite electrode kwi-line umthamo ophuma ngaphantsi kweendleko zokuvelisa, i-inventory yentlalo ukuya ephantsi, i-2017 iphelile umgaqo-nkqubo ucima isithando somlilo se-DeTiaoGang esiphakathi, inani elikhulu lesinyithi esilahliweyo kwisithando somlilo sentsimbi, imboni ye-graphite electrode e-China kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka we-2017 imfuno yokunyuka kwemfuno, ngenxa yokunyuka kwexabiso le-rafu ye-rafu yexabiso le-rafu kabukhali ngo-2017, ngo-2019, yafikelela kuthi $3,769.9 ngetoni nganye, inyuke amaxesha angama-5.7 ukusuka ngo-2016.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-15-2021