“Ukulinganiselwa kwamandla” kube ngumxholo oshushu eTshayina ukusukela ngoSeptemba. Isizathu “sokulinganiselwa kwamandla” kukukhuthazwa kwenjongo “yokungakhethi cala kwekhabhoni” kunye nolawulo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukongeza, ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kukho iindaba ezahlukeneyo zamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali ezivele enye emva kwenye, phakathi kwazo i-graphite electrode, into ebaluleke kakhulu kushishino lwentsimbi, ayifumananga ngqalelo ingako kwimarike kulo nyaka, kunye noshishino lwentsimbi kunye nokungakhethi cala kwekhabhoni.
Ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso: lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yentsimbi
I-graphite electrode luhlobo lwezinto eziqhuba i-graphite ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, i-graphite electrode inokuqhuba ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nombane, ukuze inyibilikise isinyithi esimdaka kwisithando somlilo okanye ezinye izinto eziluhlaza ukuvelisa intsimbi kunye nezinye iimveliso zesinyithi, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yentsimbi. I-graphite electrode luhlobo lwezinto ezinokumelana okuphantsi kunye nokumelana nobushushu kwi-electric arc oven. Iimpawu eziphambili zemveliso ye-graphite electrode ngumjikelo omde wemveliso (ohlala iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nenkqubo yemveliso enzima.
Imeko yomxokelelwane we-industrial ye-graphite electrode:
Ishishini le-graphite electrode lisebenzisa izixhobo eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ikakhulu ze-petroleum coke, i-needle coke, umlinganiselo wezinto eziluhlaza ubandakanya iindleko zemveliso ye-graphite electrode mkhulu, ungaphezulu kwe-65%, ngenxa yetekhnoloji yemveliso ye-needle coke yaseTshayina xa ithelekiswa neJapan nakwamanye amazwe, kusekho umsantsa omkhulu, umgangatho we-needle coke yasekhaya kunzima ukuwuqinisekisa, ngoko ke ukuxhomekeka kwe-China ekungeniseni i-needle coke esemgangathweni ophezulu kusephezulu, Ngo-2018, ukunikezelwa kwe-needle coke iyonke eTshayina yayiziitoni ezingama-418,000, apho iitoni ezingama-218,000 zangeniswa, ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50%. Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-graphite electrodes kukwi-eAF steelmaking.
I-electrode yegrafiti isetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyibilikiseni isinyithi nentsimbi. Uphuhliso lweshishini le-electrode yegrafiti eTshayina luhambelana ngokusisiseko nokuphuculwa kweshishini lesinyithi nentsimbi laseTshayina. I-electrode yegrafiti yaseTshayina yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1950. I-Warburg Securities yahlule uphuhliso lwe-electrode yegrafiti eTshayina lwangamanqanaba amathathu:
1. Yaqala uphuhliso ngo-1995 — imveliso ngobuninzi ngo-2011;
2. Ukwahluka kwamashishini kwanda ngo-2013 — uqoqosho luphucuke kakhulu ngo-2017;
3. Unyaka ka-2018 usezantsi kakhulu — iimfazwe zamaxabiso ziyaqala ngo-2019.
Ubonelelo kunye nemfuno: imfuno yentsimbi yesithando sombane ibandakanya uninzi
Ngokuphathelele imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngokutsho kohlalutyo lukaFrost Sullivan, ukuveliswa kwee-electrodes ze-graphite eTshayina kwehle ukusuka kwi-0.53 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2015 ukuya kwi-0.50 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2016, nto leyo ebonisa ukuhla. Ngo-2020, ubhubhane waba nefuthe elibi kwimisebenzi yabavelisi ngenxa yemida yolawulo kwiiyure zokusebenza, ukuphazamiseka kwabasebenzi kunye notshintsho kwiinkqubo zokusebenza.
Ngenxa yoko, imveliso yaseTshayina yee-electrodes ze-graphite yehle kakhulu. Ilindele ukuba imveliso ifikelele kwi-1,142.6 kilotons ngo-2025, kunye ne-cagR emalunga ne-9.7% ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025, njengoko imisebenzi iqhubeka kwaye umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo uxhasa uphuhliso lwentsimbi ye-eAF.
Ngoko ke yimveliso, uze emva koko usebenzise. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-graphite electrode eTshayina kwaqala ukunyuka ukusuka ngo-2016, kwafikelela kwi-0.59 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2020, nge-cagR ye-10.3% ukusuka ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2020. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-graphite electrode kulindeleke ukuba kufike kwi-0.94 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025. Apha ngezantsi kukho uqikelelo oluneenkcukacha lwe-arhente malunga nokuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-graphite electrode.
Imveliso ye-graphite electrode ihambelana neye-EAF steel. Ukukhula kwemveliso yentsimbi ye-EAF kuya kuqhuba imfuno ye-graphite electrode kwixesha elizayo. I-China ivelise iitoni ezili-127.4 zezigidi ze-eaf steel kunye neetoni ezingama-742,100 ze-graphite electrodes ngo-2019, ngokutsho kwe-World Iron and Steel Association kunye ne-China Carbon Industry Association. Imveliso kunye nezinga lokukhula kwe-graphite electrode e-China zinxulumene kakhulu nemveliso kunye nezinga lokukhula kwe-eAF steel e-China.
Ngowama-2019 nangowama-2020, imfuno epheleleyo yehlabathi yentsimbi ye-eAF kunye nentsimbi engeyiyo eye-EAF yi-1.376,800 yeetoni kunye ne-1.472,300 yeetoni ngokwahlukeneyo. I-Warburg Securities iqikelela ukuba imfuno iyonke yehlabathi iya kunyuka ngakumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo kwaye ifikelele malunga neetoni eziyi-2.104,400 ngo-2025. Imfuno yentsimbi yesithando sombane ibandakanya uninzi, oluqikelelwa ukuba lufikelela kwiitoni eziyi-1,809,500 ngo-2025.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokwenza intsimbi ye-blast furnace, ukwenza intsimbi ye-furnace yombane kuneengenelo ezicacileyo ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni. Xa kuthelekiswa nokwenza intsimbi ye-iron ore, ukwenza intsimbi ngetoni e-1 yentsimbi elahliweyo kunokunciphisa iitoni ezili-1.6 zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kunye neetoni ezi-3 zokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo. Uphando lwe-Brokerage lubonisa ukuba i-electrical furnace kunye ne-blast furnace ngetoni nganye yomlinganiselo wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwinqanaba le-0.5:1.9. Abaphandi be-Brokerage bathi, "uphuhliso lwentsimbi ye-electrical furnace kufuneka lube yindlela eqhelekileyo."
NgoMeyi, uMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yoShishino noLwazi ukhuphe iSaziso malunga neMilinganiselo yoKuphunyezwa koTshintsho loMbane kwiShishini leNsimbi neNsimbi, esaqaliswa ngokusesikweni ngomhla woku-1 kuJuni. Amanyathelo okusetyenziswa kotshintsho lomthamo aza kwandisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokutshintshwa kwentsimbi kwaye andise iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuthintela nokulawula ungcoliseko lomoya. Amaziko akholelwa ukuba indlela entsha yokutshintshwa komthamo iya kunciphisa ngakumbi umthamo wentsimbi, idibanise ishishini lentsimbi ukuze kusonjululwe umthamo ogqithisileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokutshintshwa ehlaziyiweyo kuya kukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwe-eAF, kwaye umlinganiselo wentsimbi ye-eAF uya kwandiswa ngokuthe chu.
I-electrode yegrafiti yeyona nto iphambili kwi-furnace yombane, ekhuthazwa yimfuno ye-furnace yombane, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yayo inyuke ngakumbi, i-electrode yegrafiti ichatshazelwa lixabiso layo.
Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaxabiso: iimpawu ezijikelezayo
Ukususela ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2016, imakethi yehlabathi ye-graphite electrode yehla ngenxa yemfuno ebuthathaka esezantsi, kwaye amaxabiso e-graphite electrode ahlala ephantsi. Ngo-2016 kunye nabavelisi be-graphite electrode behlisa umthamo womgca ngaphantsi kweendleko zokuvelisa, isitovu sentlalo saya kwixabiso eliphantsi, umgaqo-nkqubo ka-2017 urhoxise i-DeTiaoGang intermediate frequency furnace, inani elikhulu le-scrap iron kwi-steel furnace, ishishini le-graphite electrode eTshayina kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ka-2017 imfuno iyanda, ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode needle coke kumaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza anyuke kakhulu ngo-2017, Ngo-2019, yafikelela kuthi i-$3,769.9 ngetoni, inyuke ngama-5.7 amaxesha ukusuka ngo-2016.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-15-2021