Ukusetyenziswa kweGraphite kwizicelo ze-elektroniki

I-Graphene yinto izazinzulu kunye neenjineli abayibiza ngokuba yi-graphite enye kwinqanaba le-athomu, kwaye ezi ngqindilili zincinci ze-graphene ziyasongwa zize zisetyenziswe kwii-nanotubes. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yombane ohamba kakuhle kunye namandla angaqhelekanga kunye nokuqina kwezinto.

Ii-nanotubes zekhabhoni zanamhlanje zakhiwe ngomlinganiselo wobude ukuya kububanzi obufikelela kwi-132,000,000:1, omkhulu kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na enye into. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwi-nanotechnology, esentsha kwihlabathi lee-semiconductors, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwabavelisi begrafiti bebesenza amanqanaba athile egrafiti kushishino lwe-semiconductor kangangeminyaka emininzi.

2. IiMoto zoMbane, iiJenereyitha kunye neeAlternators

Izinto zegrafiti yekhabhoni zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimoto zombane, iijenereyitha, kunye nee-alternators ngendlela yeebhrashi zekhabhoni. Kule meko "ibhrashi" sisixhobo esiqhuba umbane phakathi kweengcingo ezimileyo kunye nendibaniselwano yezinto ezihambayo, kwaye zihlala zigcinwe kwishafti ejikelezayo.

3. Ukufakelwa kwe-Ion

I-Graphite ngoku isetyenziswa rhoqo kwishishini le-elektroniki. Isetyenziswa kwi-ion implantation, kwi-thermocouples, kwiiswitshi zombane, kwii-capacitors, kwii-transistors, nakwiibhetri.

Ukufakelwa kwee-ion yinkqubo yobunjineli apho ii-ion zento ethile zikhawuleziswa kwicandelo lombane kwaye zichaphazeleka kwenye into, njengohlobo lokufakelwa. Yenye yeenkqubo ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwee-microchips kwiikhompyutha zethu zanamhlanje, kwaye ii-athomu ze-graphite zihlala ziphakathi kweentlobo zee-athomu ezifakwa kwezi microchips ezisekelwe kwi-silicon.

Ngaphandle kwendima ekhethekileyo yegraphite kwimveliso yee-microchips, izinto ezintsha ezisekelwe kwi-graphite ngoku zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yee-capacitors zemveli kunye nee-transistors. Ngokutsho kwabanye abaphandi, i-graphene isenokuba yindlela enokwenzeka endaweni ye-silicon ngokupheleleyo. Incinci ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kune-transistor ye-silicon encinci, iqhuba umbane ngokufanelekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ineempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwi-quantum computing. I-Graphene ikwasetyenziswa nakwii-capacitors zanamhlanje. Enyanisweni, ii-graphene supercapacitors kuthiwa zinamandla ngokuphindwe ka-20 kunee-capacitors zemveli (ezikhupha i-20 W/cm3), kwaye zinokuba namandla ngokuphindwe kathathu kuneebhetri zanamhlanje ezinamandla aphezulu, i-lithium-ion.

4. Iibhetri

Xa kufikwa kwiibhetri (iseli eyomileyo kunye ne-lithium-Ion), izinto zekhabhoni kunye negrafiti ziye zaba luncedo apha. Kwimeko yeseli eyomileyo yendabuko (iibhetri esizisebenzisa rhoqo kwiirediyo zethu, iitotshi, iiremote, kunye neewotshi), i-electrode yesinyithi okanye intonga yegrafiti (i-cathode) ijikelezwe yintlama ye-electrolyte emanzi, kwaye zombini zigqunywe ngaphakathi kwesilinda yesinyithi.

Iibhetri zelithium-ion zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-graphite — njenge-anode. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezindala bezisebenzisa izinto ze-graphite zemveli, nangona kunjalo ngoku ekubeni i-graphene ifumaneka lula, ii-graphene anodes ngoku zisetyenziswa — ikakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezibini; 1. ii-graphene anodes zigcina amandla ngcono kwaye 2. zithembisa ixesha lokutshaja eliphindwe kalishumi ngokukhawuleza kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion yemveli.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinokutshajwa ziya zithandwa kakhulu kule mihla. Ngoku zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizixhobo zethu zasekhaya, kwii-elektroniki eziphathwayo, kwiilaptop, kwiifowuni ezihlakaniphileyo, kwiimoto zombane ezixutyiweyo, kwizithuthi zomkhosi, nakwiinkqubo zeenqwelo moya.