Izinto zekhabhoni zihlelwa njani?

Izinto zekhabhoni ziza ngamakhulu eentlobo ngeentlobo kwaye zimawaka eentlobo

iinkcukacha.

• Ngokwecandelo lezinto, izinto zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimveliso zekhabhoni, iimveliso ze-semi-graphitic, iimveliso zegrafiti yendalo kunye neemveliso zegrafiti zokwenziwa.

• Ngokweempawu zazo, izinto zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-graphite electrode kunye ne-graphite anode, i-carbon electrode kunye ne-carbon anode, i-carbon block, iimveliso ze-paste, iimveliso zekhabhoni kunye ne-graphite ezikhethekileyo, iimveliso zekhabhoni kushishino lwe-mechanical kunye ne-elektroniki, i-carbon fiber kunye nezinto zayo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zeekhemikhali ze-graphite, njl.

• Ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, izinto zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe zizinto zoshishino lwesinyithi, ishishini le-aluminium, ishishini leekhemikhali, ishishini loomatshini kunye nele-elektroniki kunye nezinto ezintsha zekhabhoni ezisetyenziswa kumasebe obuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

• Ngokwecandelo lokusebenza, izinto zekhabhoni zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: izinto eziqhubayo, izinto zokwakha kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza:

(1) izixhobo eziqhuba umbane. Ezifana nesithando sombane esine-graphite electrode, i-carbon electrode, i-graphite electrode yendalo, i-electrode paste kunye ne-anode paste (i-self-baking electrode), i-electrolysis ene-graphite anode, ibrashi kunye nezinto ze-EDM die.

(2) Izinto zokwakha. Ezifana ne-duty forge, i-ferroalloys furnace, i-carbide furnace, ezifana ne-aluminium electrolytic cell lining (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-carbonaceous refractory material), ukunciphisa i-nuclear reactor kunye nezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya, intloko yesebe okanye i-rocket okanye i-missile lining materials, ukumelana nokugqwala kwezixhobo zoshishino lweekhemikhali, izixhobo ezinganyangekiyo zoomatshini bemizi-mveliso, isinyithi kunye ne-non-ferrous metal smelting industry continuous casting crystallizer graphite lining, i-Semiconductor kunye nezixhobo zokunyibilikisa izinto ezicocekileyo kakhulu.
(3) izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzayo. Ezifana ne-biochar (ivalvu yentliziyo yokwenziwa, ithambo lokwenziwa, i-tendon yokwenziwa), iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pyrolytic carbon kunye ne-pyrolytic graphite, i-recrystallized graphite, i-carbon fiber kunye nezinto zayo ezidityanisiweyo, ii-graphite interlayer compounds, i-Fuller carbon kunye ne-nano carbon, njl.

• Ngokwendlela yokusetyenziswa kunye nokwahlulahlula inkqubo, izinto zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezili-12 ezilandelayo.

(1) Ii-electrode zeGraphite. Ngokuyintloko ziquka i-electrode yegraphite yamandla aqhelekileyo, i-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu, i-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-electrode yegraphite yokugquma echasene ne-oxidation, ibhloko yegraphitized, kunye ne-electrode yegraphite yendalo eveliswe ngegraphite yendalo njengezinto eziphambili.
(2) I-anode yeGraphite. Kubandakanya zonke iintlobo ze-electrolysis yesisombululo kunye ne-electrolysis yetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo i-anode plate, i-anode rod, i-anode enkulu ye-cylindrical (efana ne-electrolysis ye-sodium yesinyithi).
(3) i-electrode yombane yekhabhoni (elungileyo). Ibandakanya ikakhulu i-electrode yekhabhoni ene-anthracite esemgangathweni ophezulu njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza izinto, i-anode yekhabhoni ene-coke yepetroleum njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza izinto ze-aluminium electrolytic cell (oko kukuthi i-anode ebhakiweyo kwangaphambili), kunye nesitena se-carbon grid esine-asphalt coke njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza izinto zombane kunye ne-magnesia.
(4) uhlobo lwebloko yekhabhoni (isithando sesinyithi esinezinto ezichasene nekhabhoni). Ngokuyintloko ibandakanya isithando somlilo esiqhumayo kusetyenziswa ibloko yekhabhoni (okanye ibloko yekhabhoni yokugquma yokungcangcazela kunye nebloko yokurosa kunye nokucubungula, ukubumba iibhloko zekhabhoni ezishushu ezishushu ngaxeshanye, ukubumba okanye ukubumba ngokungcangcazela emva kokurosa, ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwebloko yekhabhoni yokuzibhaka, ibloko yegrafiti, ibloko yegrafiti eyi-semi-graphite, igrafiti eyi-silica carbide, njl.njl.), ibloko yekhabhoni ye-aluminium electrolysis cell cathode (ibloko yekhabhoni esecaleni, ibloko yekhabhoni esezantsi), isithando se-iron alloy, isithando sekhabhoni ye-calcium kunye nezinye izithambisi ze-mineral thermal electric furnace lining carbon block, isithando segrafiti, isithando sekhabhoni yesilicon yokugquma umzimba webloko yekhabhoni.
(5) intlama yamalahle. Ibandakanya ikakhulu intlama ye-electrode, intlama ye-anode kunye nentlama esetyenziselwa ukubopha okanye ukuvala iibhloko zekhabhoni (ezifana nentlama yomthungo ocolekileyo kunye nentlama yomthungo ocolekileyo wokwakha iibhloko zekhabhoni kwi-blast furnace, intlama esezantsi yokwakha iibhloko ze-aluminium electrolytic cell, njl.njl.).
(6) ubunyulu obuphezulu, uxinano oluphezulu kunye negrafiti enamandla aphezulu. Ngokuyintloko ibandakanya igrafiti ecocekileyo ephezulu, uxinano oluphezulu kunye negrafiti exineneyo ephezulu kunye negrafiti ye-isotropic enoxinano oluphezulu.
(7) i-charcoal ekhethekileyo kunye ne-graphite. Iquka ikakhulu i-pyrolytic carbon kunye ne-pyrolytic graphite, i-carbon enemibhobho kunye ne-graphite enemibhobho, i-glass carbon kunye ne-recrystallized graphite.
(8) ikhabhoni engagugiyo kunye negrafiti engagugiyo kushishino loomatshini. Ibandakanya ikakhulu iiringi zokuvala, iibheringi, iiringi zepiston, iindlela zokuslayida kunye neeblade zoomatshini abathile abajikelezayo abasetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezininzi zoomatshini.
(9) Iimveliso zamalahle kunye negrafiti ngeenjongo zombane. Ngokuyintloko ziquka ibhrashi yemoto yombane kunye nejenereyitha, i-pantograph slider yetrolley bus kunye ne-electric locomotive, i-carbon resistor ye-voltage regulator ethile, iindawo zekhabhoni ze-telecom transmitter, i-arc carbon rod, i-carbon arc gouging carbon rod kunye ne-battery carbon rod, njl.njl.
(10) izixhobo zeekhemikhali zegrafiti (ezaziwa ngokuba yigrafiti engangeni manzi). Ngokuyintloko ziquka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha ubushushu, iitanki zokusabela, ii-condenser, iitowers zokufunxa, iipompo zegrafiti kunye nezinye izixhobo zeekhemikhali.
(11) I-carbon fiber kunye nee-composites zayo. Ngokuyintloko ibandakanya iintlobo ezintathu ze-pre-oxidized fiber, i-carbonized fiber kunye ne-graphized fiber, kunye ne-carbon fiber kunye nee-resins ezahlukeneyo, iiplastiki, ii-ceramics, iisinyithi kunye nezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zezinto ezidityanisiweyo.
(12) I-Graphite interlaminar compound (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-intercalated graphite). Kukho ikakhulu i-flexible graphite (oko kukuthi, i-expanded graphite), i-graphite-halogen interlaminar compound kunye ne-graphite-metal interlaminar compound iintlobo ezi-3. I-Expansive graphite eyenziwe nge-graphite yendalo isetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ze-gasket.