Imiba yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-electrode zegrafiti ingasonjululwa ngokupheleleyo ngokudibanisa uphuculo lwetekhnoloji, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo, kunye namaqhinga olawulo lwamandla, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi:
I. Ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe: Izixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nokutshintshwa kwamandla acocekileyo
1. Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe be-Graphitization Furnace
Ii-oven zemveli zase-Acheson zisebenzisa i-3,200-4,800 kWh ngetoni nganye yee-electrode ze-graphite, kunye notshintsho olukhulu lobushushu olukhokelela ekuchithekeni kwamandla. Ukwamkelwa kwee-oven ze-Longitudinal Graphitization (LWG) kunokunciphisa ixesha lokufudumeza ukuya kwiiyure ezili-9-15, kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kombane ngama-20%-30%, kwaye kufezekise ukuchasana okufanayo. Umzekelo, i-Xinjiang East Hope Carbon Project inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni nganye yee-electrode malunga nama-300 kWh ngokusebenzisa ii-oven ze-LWG, nto leyo enciphisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
2. Ukutshintshwa kwamandla acocekileyo
Ukuvelisa itoni enye yee-electrode ze-graphite kudla malunga neetoni ezili-1.7 zamalahle aqhelekileyo kwaye kukhupha iitoni ezi-4.5 ze-CO₂. Ukusebenzisa umbane oluhlaza (umz., amandla elanga okanye omoya) ukuqhuba izitofu ze-graphitization kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngokuthe ngqo. Umzekelo, amanye amashishini ase-Inner Mongolia anyuse umlinganiselo wombane oluhlaza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% ngokusebenzisa iiprojekthi zokudibanisa "umthombo-igridi-umthwalo-wokugcina" , kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngetoni nganye yee-electrode nge-40%.
3. Iinkqubo zokubuyisela ubushushu obumdaka
Ukufakela iibhoyila zobushushu benkunkuma kwisigaba sokubhaka kunye ne-graphitization kubuyisela igesi yobushushu obuphezulu (200-800°C) ukuvelisa umphunga wokufudumeza okanye ukuvelisa umbane. Iprojekthi yeKhabhoni yaseShanxi Taigu Baoguang ifumene ukonga ngonyaka malunga neetoni ezingama-2,000 zamalahle aqhelekileyo kwaye yanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ ngeetoni ezingama-5,200 ngokubuyisela ubushushu benkunkuma.
II. Ukuphucula Inkqubo: Ukunciphisa Ukusetyenziswa Kwezinto Eziluhlaza kunye Nokusetyenziswa Kwamandla
1. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwezinto eziluhlaza ezicociweyo
- Inqanaba lokuBala: Lawula iipropati ze-petroleum coke (ubuninzi bokwenyani ≥ 2.07 g/cm³, ukumelana noxinzelelo ≤ 550 μΩ·m) ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okucubungula okulandelayo.
- Inkqubo yokufunxa: Yonyusa uxinano lwemveliso kwaye inciphise ukuxinana kwayo ngokusebenzisa “ufunxa kathathu kunye nokubhaka kane” okanye “ufunxa kabini kunye nokubhaka kathathu.” Umzekelo, ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokunyuka kobunzima bokufunxa okwesibini le-≥9% kunokunciphisa imijikelo yokubhaka ephindaphindwayo kwaye konge i-15%-20% ekusebenziseni amandla.
2. Ukuqulunqwa kweNkqubo yoBushushu obuphantsi kunye nokuFutshane
Sebenzisa iindlela zokwenza izinto ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi (umz., ukukhupha izinto kwi-90-120°C) ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu bokubhaka obulandelayo. Kwangaxeshanye, phucula iindlela zokusebenza kwemveliso ukuze unciphise umjikelo ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo, unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqokelelanayo.
3. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe igesi yenkunkuma
Iigesi zombhobho ezivela kwizitofu zokubhaka ezinezixhobo ezitshayo ezifana ne-CO2 kunye ne-H20 zinokucocwa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza. Iprojekthi yeXinjiang East Hope igcine malunga ne-300,000 m³ yegesi yendalo minyaka le kwaye yanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO20 ngeetoni ezingama-600 ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokurisayikilisha igesi elahliweyo.
III. Ulawulo lwaMandla: Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye noQoqosho olujikelezayo
1. Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kumandla akrelekrele
Sebenzisa ii-sensors ze-IoT ukujonga idatha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha langempela (umz., umbane kunye nobushushu) kuzo zonke izigaba zemveliso, uphucula iiparameter zezixhobo ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-AI. Umzekelo, elinye ishishini linciphise ixesha lokungasebenzi kwesithando se-graphitization ngama-30% ngokujonga ngobuchule, ligcina malunga nama-500,000 kWh ombane ngonyaka.
2. Ukubanjwa, Ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokugcinwa kweKhabhoni (i-CCUS)
Faka izixhobo zokubamba ikhabhoni kwiindawo zokukhupha igesi zombhobho wegrafitizing furnace ukuze ucinezele i-CO₂ ukuze ifakwe phantsi komhlaba okanye uyisebenzise njenge-chemical feedstock. Nangona iindleko zangoku ziphezulu (malunga ne-300-600 RMB/ton CO₂), i-CCUS imele indlela ebalulekileyo yexesha elide yokususa ikhabhoni enzulu.
3. Iimodeli zoQoqosho olujikelezayo
- Akukho Kukhutshwa Kwamanzi Amdaka: Phatha amanzi amdaka asekhaya ukuze asetyenziswe kwakhona ekucoceni okanye ekulungiseni igadi, ngelixa usebenzisa amanzi amdaka amdaka avela kwimveliso. Iprojekthi yeShanxi Taigu ayizange ikhuphe manzi amdaka, nto leyo egcine malunga neetoni ezili-100,000 zamanzi ngonyaka.
- Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma eqinileyo: Buyisela uthuli oluqokelelwe endlwini yeengxowa (malunga neetoni ezingama-344 ngonyaka) kunye neengceba zokugaya eziqokelelwe ngasemva (malunga neetoni ezingama-500 ngonyaka) kumgca wemveliso, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokukhutshwa komoya okunxulumene nonyango lwenkunkuma.
IV. Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neNtsebenziswano yeMarike: Ukuqhuba uTshintsho kwiShishini
1. Ukunyanzeliswa kweMigangatho yoKhupha oluPhantsi kakhulu
Yamkela imigangatho efanaUmgangatho wokukhupha ukungcola kwiShishini leAluminiyam(GB25465-2010), iyalela ukuba kubekho i-particle matter, i-SO₂, kunye ne-NOx concentrations ze-≤10 mg/m³, ≤35 mg/m³, kunye ne-≤50 mg/m³, ngokwahlukeneyo, ukuze kunyanzeliswe ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe.
2. Izikhuthazo zeMarike yokuRhweba ngeKhabhoni
Faka imveliso ye-graphite electrode kwimarike yelizwe yekhabhoni ukuze kudalwe imida yezoqoqosho ngokurhweba nge-carbon quota. Umzekelo, ukuba ishishini linciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngetoni nganye yee-electrode ukusuka kwiitoni ezi-4.5 ukuya kwiitoni ezi-3, linokufumana inzuzo ngokuthengisa ii-quota ezingaphezulu, nto leyo ekhuthaza umjikelo omhle wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon.
3. Isiqinisekiso seCandelo loNikezelo oluLuhlaza
Abenzi bentsimbi abasezantsi banokuzibeka phambili ekuthengeni ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinekhabhoni ephantsi ukuze bakhuthaze abavelisi abaphezulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Umzekelo, esinye isityalo sentsimbi ye-arc furnace yombane sasifuna ababoneleli ukuba bafikelele kwiitoni ezingama-≤3.5 ze-CO₂ emissions ngetoni nganye yee-electrodes, nto leyo ebeka iprimiyamu yexabiso le-10% ngokungathobeli imithetho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-12-2025