Indlela yokufaka isithando somlilo
I-arhente ye-carburizing ifanelekile ukunyibilikisa kwi-induction oven, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo akufani ngokweemfuno zenkqubo.
(1) Kwi-oven ephakathi enyibilikayo kusetyenziswa i-carburizing agent, ngokweemfuno zomlinganiselo okanye ezilingana nekhabhoni kunye nezinto ezongezwe kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-oven, izinga lokubuyisela linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-95%;
(2) ukunyibilika kwesinyithi esilulwelo ukuba ubungakanani bekhabhoni alwanelanga ukulungisa ixesha lekhabhoni, dlala kuqala i-slag yesithando somlilo, uze wongeze i-arhente ye-carburizing, ngokusebenzisa ukufudumeza kwesinyithi esilulwelo, ukuxubha nge-electromagnetic okanye ukuxubha okwenziweyo ukuze kunyibilike ukufunxwa kwekhabhoni, izinga lokubuyisela linokuba malunga nama-90, ukuba inkqubo ye-carburizing yobushushu obuphantsi, oko kukuthi, itshaja inyibilikisa inxalenye yobushushu besinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo iphantsi, yonke i-arhente ye-carburizing xa yongezwe kwisinyithi esilulwelo, Kwangaxeshanye, icinezelwa kwisinyithi esilulwelo ngetshaja eqinileyo ukuze ingayikhuphi kumphezulu wesinyithi esilulwelo. Le ndlela inokunyusa i-carburizing yesinyithi esilulwelo ngaphezulu kwe-1.0%.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-carburizing agent kwi-induction furnace
1, ukusetyenziswa kwesithando sombane se-5T okanye ngaphezulu, izinto ezikrwada ziyafana kwaye zizinzile, sicebisa indlela yokongeza i-dispersive. Ngokweemfuno zomxholo wekhabhoni, ngokwemilinganiselo yezithako, iarhente ye-carburizing kunye netshaja yesinyithi kunye nebhetshi nganye yezinto zokudibanisa isithando kwinxalenye esezantsi, umaleko wetshaja yesinyithi umaleko wearhente ye-carburizing, izinga lokufunxwa kwekhabhoni linokufikelela kwi-90%-95%, iarhente ye-carburizing xa inyibilika ayitshisi, kungenjalo kulula ukuyisonga nge-slag yenkunkuma, echaphazela ukufunxwa kwekhabhoni;
2. Kusetyenziswa isithando somlilo esiphakathi esimalunga ne-3T, kwaye izinto eziluhlaza ziyodwa kwaye zizinzile. Sicebisa indlela yokongeza ephakathi. Xa inani elincinci lesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo linyibilikisiwe okanye lishiywe esithandweni, iarhente yesinyithi yongezwa kumphezulu wesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha elinye, kwaye itshaja yesinyithi yongezwa ngoko nangoko. Iarhente yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo icinezelwa kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, ukuze iarhente yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo inxibelelane ngokupheleleyo nesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye izinga lokufunxa lingaphezulu kwe-90%;
3, ukusetyenziswa kwesithando sombane esincinci esiphakathi, izinto eziluhlaza ezinentsimbi yehagu kunye nezinye izinto ezinekhabhoni ephezulu, sicebisa ukulungiswa kakuhle kwearhente ye-carburizing. Emva kokunyibilika kwentsimbi/isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, lungisa umxholo wekhabhoni, unokongezwa kumphezulu wentsimbi/isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, ngokusebenzisa umxube we-eddy current wentsimbi (isinyithi) yamanzi okanye umxube owenziweyo ukuze unyibilikise kwaye ufunxe imveliso, izinga lokufunxwa kwekhabhoni limalunga ne-93%.
Indlela yokulungisa i-carburization yesithando sangaphandle
1. Futha umgubo wegrafiti ngaphakathi kwingxowa
Umgubo wegrafiti njenge-arhente ye-carburizing, ovuthela ubungakanani obuyi-40kg/t, kulindeleke ukuba wenze umxholo wekhabhoni wesinyithi esilulwelo ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-3%. Njengoko umxholo wekhabhoni wesinyithi esilulwelo unyuka kancinci, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni lehla. Ubushushu besinyithi esilulwelo ngaphambi kwe-carburizing yayiyi-1600℃, kwaye ubushushu obuqhelekileyo emva kwe-carburizing yayiyi-1299℃. I-carburizing yomgubo wegrafiti, ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-nitrogen njengomthwali, kodwa kwiimeko zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, umoya ocinezelweyo ulula ngakumbi, kwaye ioksijini ekutshisweni komoya ocinezelweyo ukuvelisa i-CO2, ubushushu bokusabela kwamakhemikhali bunokuhlawula inxalenye yokuhla kobushushu, kwaye umoya wokunciphisa i-CO2 ulungele ukuphucula isiphumo se-carburizing.
2, ukusetyenziswa kwe-iron carburizing agent
I-100-300 grafayithi powder carburizing arhente ingafakwa kwiphakheji, okanye ukusuka kwisitya sentsimbi kunye nokungena, emva kokuba isinyithi siphume kulwelo sivuselelwe ngokupheleleyo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze sinyibilikise ukufunxwa kwekhabhoni, izinga lokubuyisa ikhabhoni limalunga ne-50%.
Xa usebenzisa i-carburizing agent, kufuneka uqaphele ingxaki
Ukuba ixesha lokongeza i-carburizing agent lisekutsha kakhulu, kulula ukuyincamathisela kufutshane nezantsi lesithando, kwaye i-carburizing agent eqhotyoshelwe eludongeni lwesithando akulula ukuyidibanisa nentsimbi engamanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukongeza ixesha emva kwexesha, kuya kulahlekelwa lithuba lokongeza ikhabhoni, nto leyo ebangela ukunyibilika, ixesha lokufudumeza licothe. Oku akulibazisi nje kuphela ixesha lohlalutyo kunye nokulungiswa kokwakheka kweekhemikhali, kodwa kukwabeka emngciphekweni umonakalo obangelwa kukufudumala okugqithisileyo. Ke ngoko, i-carburizing agent okanye kwinkqubo yokongeza itshaja yesinyithi kancinci kancinci ukuze idibane.
Njengoko kunjalo kwimeko yokongeza okuninzi, inokudityaniswa nesithando sokungenisa xa isinyithi esimanzi sisebenza ngokugqithisileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokufunxa isinyithi esimanzi liyi-10Min, kwelinye icala ngokusebenzisa isiphumo sokushukumisa se-electromagnetic se-carburizer ngokupheleleyo, ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sokufunxa. Kwelinye icala, ubungakanani be-nitrogen eziswe kwi-carburizer bunokuncipha.
Musa ukongeza kube kanye, yongeza ngamaqamza, uze ekugqibeleni unyibilikise inxalenye, faka inxalenye yesinyithi esishushu (malunga nepakethi) ebhegini, uze ubuyisele kwi-carburizer yesithando amaxesha ama-1-2, uze emva koko udibanise i-slag, wongeze i-alloy.
Kukho iinkalo ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
1. I-arhente ye-carburizing kunzima ukuyifunxa (ngaphandle kwe-calcination);
2, ukusasazwa kwamasuntswana othuthu lwe-carburizing agent akuhambisani;
3. Ukujoyina sele kudlule ixesha;
4. Indlela yokudibanisa ayichanekanga, kwaye kusetyenziswa ukuhlanganisa okuneeleya. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa isibuko sesinyithi esilulwelo kunye nenkunkuma eninzi xa yongezwa;
5. Zama ukungasebenzisi izinto ezirhabaxa kakhulu.
Iimpawu zearhente ye-carburizing ekumgangatho ophezulu
1, ubungakanani besuntswana buphakathi, i-porosity inkulu, isantya sokufunxa siyakhawuleza.
2. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezicocekileyo, ikhabhoni ephezulu, isalfure ephantsi, izinto ezincinci kakhulu ezinobungozi, izinga eliphezulu lokufunxwa.
3, isakhiwo sekristale yegrafiti yemveliso silungile, siphucula amandla okuqala e-nucleation yesinyithi esilulwelo. Yandisa inani le-nodular iron nodules ekufakweni kwe-inculation, kwaye yandise i-graphite nucleus kwi-electric furnace liquid iron. Coca kwaye ulinganise ukusasazwa kwe-inki yefossil kwi-castings.
4. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nozinzo.
Ukukhethwa kwearhente efanelekileyo yokunyibilikisa i-carburizing kunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zemveliso yokunyibilikisa i-smelting, ukuphucula umgangatho wesinyithi sokunyibilikisa kunye ne-castings, ukuze isityalo sokunyibilikisa i-smelting, i-casting
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-02-2022