Intsimbi ekhasekileyo emhlophe: Kanye njengeswekile esiyifake etini, ikhabhoni inyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwintsimbi engamanzi. Ukuba le khabhoni inyibilika kulwelo ayinakohlulwa kwintsimbi engamanzi ngelixa intsimbi etyhidiweyo iqina, kodwa ihlala inyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwisakhiwo, siyibiza isiphumo esisiphumo sesinyithi esimhlophe. Intsimbi emhlophe, enesakhiwo esibhityileyo, ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi emhlophe kuba ibonisa umbala oqaqambileyo, omhlophe xa yophukile.
Intsimbi engwevu: Ngelixa i-iron egayiweyo yolwelo iqina, ikhabhoni enyibilikisiweyo kwisinyithi engamanzi, njengeswekile ekwiti, inokuvela njengenqanaba elahlukileyo ngexesha lokuqina. Xa sihlolisisa isakhiwo esinjalo phantsi kwe-microscope, sibona ukuba i-carbon ibolile ibe yisakhiwo esahlukileyo esibonakala kwiso lenyama, ngendlela yegraphite. Sibiza olu hlobo lwentsimbi njengentsimbi ye-grey cast, kuba xa esi sakhiwo, apho i-carbon ibonakala kwi-lamellae, oko kukuthi, kwimigangatho, iphukile, umbala obomvu kunye negrey uvela.
Isinyithi esinamachaphaza: Iintsimbi ezimhlophe esizikhankanye apha ngasentla zivela kwiimeko zokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa iintsimbi ezingwevu zivela kwiimeko zokupholisa ezicothayo. Ukuba izinga lokupholisa lenxalenye egalelweyo lihambelana noluhlu apho utshintsho oluvela kumhlophe ukuya kwigrey lwenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukubona ukuba izakhiwo ezimpunga kunye nezimhlophe zivela kunye. Ezi ntsimbi sizibiza ngokuba ngamabala ngenxa yokuba xa sisophula isiqwenga esinjalo, kuvela iziqithi ezingwevu kumqolo omhlophe.
Intsimbi epholileyo yentsimbi: Olu hlobo lwentsimbi luqina njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo emhlophe. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuqina kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kuqinisekiswa ukwenzela ukuba ikhabhoni ihlale ichithwe ngokupheleleyo kwisakhiwo. Emva koko, intsimbi emhlophe eqiniweyo iphantsi konyango lokushisa ukwenzela ukuba ikhabhoni echithwe kwisakhiwo ihlulwe kwisakhiwo. Emva kolu nyango lobushushu, sibona ukuba ikhabhoni iphuma njengeengqukuva ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ezihlangeneyo.
Ukongeza kolu lwahlulo, ukuba ikhabhoni yakwazi ukwahlula kwisakhiwo ngenxa yokuqina (njengakwiintsimbi ezingwevu), sinokwenza olunye ulwahlulo ngokujonga iipropati ezisemthethweni zegraphite ephumayo:
Intsimbi engwevu (i-lamellar graphite): Ukuba ikharbhon iye yaqina nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho umaleko wesakhiwo segraphite esifana namagqabi ekhaphetshu, sibhekisela kwezo ntsimbi zibunjwe njengentsimbi engwevu okanye i-lamellar graphite cast. Singakwazi ukuqinisa esi sakhiwo, esenzeka kwii-alloys apho i-oksijini kunye nesulfure ziphezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuthambekela okukhulu kwe-shrinkage ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal.
I-iron graphite cast iron: Njengoko igama libonisa, siyabona ukuba kolu lwakhiwo, ikhabhoni ibonakala njengeebhola zegraphite ezingqukuva. Ukuze i-graphite ibole ibe yi-spherical structure kunokuba i-lamellar structure, i-oksijini kunye ne-sulfure kulwelo kufuneka incitshiswe ngaphantsi kwinqanaba elithile. Yiyo loo nto xa sivelisa i-spheroidal graphite cast iron, siphatha isinyithi se-magnesium, esinokusabela ngokukhawuleza ngeoksijini kunye nesulfure, kwaye emva koko siyigalele kwizibungu.
I-Vermicular graphite cast iron: Ukuba unyango lwe-magnesium olusetyenziswe ngexesha lokuveliswa kwentsimbi ye-spheroidal graphite cast iron alunelanga kwaye i-graphite ayikwazi ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo, esi sakhiwo se-graphite, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-vermicular (okanye i-compact), sinokuvela. I-graphite ye-Vermicular, eyifomu yenguqu phakathi kwe-lamellar kunye ne-spheroidal graphite iindidi, ayinikezeli kuphela isinyithi esityhidiweyo kunye neempawu eziphezulu ze-mechanical graphite ye-spheroidal, kodwa inciphisa ukuthambekela kokunciphisa ukubulela kwi-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal. Esi sakhiwo, esithathwa njengempazamo kwimveliso ye-spheroidal graphite cast iron, iphoswe ngamabomu ngamaziko amaninzi ngenxa yeenzuzo ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2023