Eyona sizathu sokuba abavelisi beebhetri abaphezulu bazama ukuthenga i-graphitized petroleum coke yindima yayo njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zokwenza izinto ze-anode, ezidlala indima engenakutshintshwa ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwebhetri, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoshishino olutsha lwamandla. Olu hlalutyo lulandelayo lwenziwa kwiinkalo ezintathu: ubuchwepheshe, imakethi, kunye noshishino.
I. Ubukhulu beTekhnoloji: I-Graphitized Petroleum Coke “lilitye lembombo” lezinto ze-Anode
1. Inkqubo yokuguqula iGraphitization iphucula ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo
I-graphitized petroleum coke iguqulwa ibe yi-graphite ene-crystallinity ephezulu ngonyango lobushushu obuphezulu (ngesiqhelo idlula i-2,800°C), nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwayo, uzinzo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo. Umzekelo:
- Ibhetri yeBlade yeBYD: Isebenzisa i-graphitized petroleum coke njengesixhobo se-anode, idityaniswe ne-lithium iron phosphate cathode, ifikelela kubuninzi bamandla aphezulu (ukwanda kwamandla angaphezu kwama-30% ngomthamo weyunithi nganye), ubomi bomjikelo omde (ngaphezulu kwemijikelo yokukhupha itshaja engama-2,000), kunye nokhuseleko olugqwesileyo (ukuphumelela uvavanyo lokungena kwezipikili ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo).
- Ibhetri kaTesla eyi-4680: Ine-graphitized petroleum coke eninzi kwizinto zayo ze-anode, ixhasa amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza (ukutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% kwimizuzu eli-15) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi (ukugcinwa kwamandla angaphezu kwama-90% kwi--20°C).
2. Inzuzo Exabiso Liphantsi Ixhasa Usetyenziso Olukhulu
I-graphitized petroleum coke inoluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo yezinto eziluhlaza (njengemveliso ephuma kwi-petroleum refined), amaxabiso ayo afikelela kwisithathu ukuya kwisiqingatha kuphela salawo e-graphite yendalo, kwaye iteknoloji yayo yokucubungula sele ivuthiwe, nto leyo enokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zezinto ze-anode. Umzekelo: - Ngowama-2025, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-coke ye-petroleum ene-sulfur ephantsi eTshayina kulindeleke ukuba libe malunga ne-1,841 yuan ngetoni, ngelixa amaxabiso e-graphite yendalo ephezulu edlula i-5,000 yuan ngetoni.
- I-BYD inciphise iindleko zeBlade Battery yayo nge-15%-20% ngokuthenga ngobuninzi i-graphitized petroleum coke, nto leyo ephucula ukhuphiswano lwayo kwimarike.
II. Ubungakanani beMarike: Imfuno Egqithisileyo kwiCandelo elitsha laMandla iqhuba ibhalansi eqinileyo yobonelelo-imfuno
1. Ukwanda kweMfuno yeeBhetri zoMbane
Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba kudlule iiyunithi ezingama-30 ezigidi ngo-2025, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda okungaphezulu kwama-40% kwimfuno yeebhetri zamandla.
Njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza izinto ze-anode, imfuno ye-graphitized petroleum coke iyanda ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo:
- I-GWh nganye yeebhetri ze-lithium ifuna malunga neetoni ezingama-600 ze-graphitized petroleum coke, kwaye imfuno yehlabathi kwicandelo leebhetri zamandla kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiitoni ezili-1.2 lezigidi ngo-2025.
- Umzi-mveliso weTesla eShanghai, onomthamo wonyaka wemveliso onyuswe ukuya kwi-1 yezigidi zeeyunithi, uza kufuna ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-60,000 ze-graphitized petroleum coke.
2. IMarike yokugcina amandla ivela njengeNqanaba elitsha loKhulo
Umthamo wokugcina amandla ofakelweyo kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele kwi-500 GWh ngo-2025, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-80%.
Ngenxa yokuba ixabisa kakhulu, i-graphitized petroleum coke inomlinganiselo wokungena ongaphezulu kwama-70% kwizinto ze-anode zeebhetri zokugcina amandla, nto leyo eba yinto ephambili ekujoliswe kuyo kwiinkampani ezifana ne-CATL kunye ne-LG Energy Solution.
III. Ubungakanani boShishino: Ukuhlanganiswa kweCandelo loNikezelo kunye noYilo oluKhawulezayo oluqhutywa yiMigaqo-nkqubo
1. Ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe nkqo kweeNgxowa-mali zoNikezelo ngamashishini aPhambili
- I-BYD: Ngokutyala imali kwiinkampani zekhabhoni (ezifana nokutyala imali eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ukwakha iprojekthi yokudibanisa i-anode), ivale amandla okuvelisa asemgangathweni aphezulu e-graphitized petroleum coke, yandisa inzuzo yayo ngama-8 ekhulwini.
- ITesla: Ityikitye izivumelwano zexesha elide nabathengisi behlabathi be-coke ye-petroleum e-low-sulfur (njengaleyo iseMelika naseNetherlands) ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa okuzinzileyo kwezinto eziluhlaza.
2. Izaphulelo zoMgaqo-nkqubo zivula amathuba oshishino
Icebo laseTshayina elithi “dual carbon” liqhubele phambili kakhulu kushishino olutsha lwamandla, kwaye ubungakanani bemarike yeshishini le-petroleum coke kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-$26.67 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025, kunye nenani le-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephantsi linyuka liye kuma-45% (isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-anode eziphezulu).
Imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo (efana "neSicwangciso soLawulo lokusetyenziswa kwePetroleum Coke kwiiNgingqi ezibalulekileyo") ikhawulezise ukuhlanganiswa kweshishini, apho amashishini aphambili ehlanganisa ngakumbi izikhundla zawo zemarike ngokuphucula ubuchwepheshe bawo (obufana nokugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa okuhlanganisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokususa uthuli ezisebenzayo) ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno eziphantsi kwekhabhoni.
IV. Iindlela Zexesha Elizayo: Utshintsho Lwezobuchwepheshe Ngaxeshanye kunye Nokuphuculwa Kwemizi-mveliso
1. Ukungena kancinci kancinci kwezinto ze-Anode ezisekelwe kwiSilicon
I-graphitized petroleum coke iya kudityaniswa nezinto ezisekelwe kwi-silicon (ezifana ne-silicon-carbon anodes) ukuze kwandiswe uxinano lwamandla ebhetri (ixabiso lethiyori elidlula i-400 Wh/kg), ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemarike eziphezulu.
Kulindeleke ukuba umlinganiselo wezinto ze-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon uza kufikelela kwi-10% ngo-2025, nto leyo eqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno ye-graphitized petroleum coke.
2. Uyilo lweHlabathi oluKhawulezileyo
Ukwakhiwa kwamandla okuvelisa i-anode phesheya (njengoko kufuneka i-600,000 ukuya kwi-700,000 yeetoni ze-petroleum coke eziphantsi kwe-sulfur ezilindelekileyo ngo-2026-2027) kuya kuqhuba ukwandiswa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweenkampani ze-petroleum coke zaseTshayina ezinemifanekiso, zenze inzuzo epheleleyo yokukhuphisana "yezicelo zokucubungula izinto eziluhlaza."
Isiphelo
I-graphitized petroleum coke ibe ngumthombo "wegolide omnyama" ofunwa ngabavelisi beebhetri abaphezulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe, iingenelo zeendleko, kunye nokusebenzisana kwemizi-mveliso. Njengoko ishishini elitsha lamandla liqhubeka nokukhula, isikhundla salo kwimarike siya kuqiniswa ngakumbi, kunye nokuphuculwa kwezobuchwepheshe kunye noyilo lwehlabathi lube ngundoqo kukhuphiswano lwamashishini.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-08-2025