Amandla eTshayina aphambili kwihlabathi liphela kwi-graphitized petroleum coke amele zombini inzuzo ebalulekileyo kunye neengozi ezifihlakeleyo ezinokubakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke ulawulo olucwangcisiweyo ukuze kuguqulwe iingenelo kunye nokunciphisa iingozi. Uhlalutyo oluthile lulandelayo:
Iingenelo: Amandla Aphambili Aseka Ulawulo Lwezoshishino Lwehlabathi
Ulawulo oluphindwe kabini kwiZixhobo kunye noBuchule
Isikhundla esiphambili seTshayina kumthamo we-petroleum coke eqingqiweyo sivela kulawulo lwayo olunzulu kulo lonke uthotho lweshishini le-graphite. Ngasentla, ine-77% yeendawo zokugcina i-graphite zendalo kwihlabathi (umz., uMgodi weJixi kwiPhondo laseHeilongjiang) kwaye inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuzixhasa kwizixhobo ezikrwada ezifana ne-petroleum coke kunye ne-needle coke njengomcoci weoyile omkhulu kwihlabathi. I-Midstream, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezitofu ze-graphitization eziqhubekayo, ifinyeze imijikelo yemveliso ngama-50% kwaye yanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-30%, yenza imiqobo yetekhnoloji. Ngasezantsi, isabelo sayo semarike yehlabathi kwizixhobo ze-anode sifikelela kwi-98.5%, apho amandla esityalo esinye amashishini aphambili adlula kathathu kunoshishino lonke lwase-US. Le nzuzo ye-full-chain ivumela iTshayina ukuba isebenzise "ukunciphisa ubukhulu" kwicandelo le-petroleum coke eqingqiweyo, ibamba ngokuthe ngqo "umgca" weshishini lebhetri yamandla yehlabathi.
Inkxaso ephindwe kabini evela kwixabiso lezoqoqosho neleqhinga
I-graphitized petroleum coke yeyona nto iphambili kwi-lithium-ion battery anodes, ebiza malunga ne-6%-10% yeendleko zebhetri, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi bebhetri. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweTshayina (okubiza kuphela i-12,000perton, xa kuthelekiswa ne-40,000 ngetoni nganye kumandla okuzenzela aphesheya) kwenze i-90% yamashishini ebhetri aseJapan naseMzantsi Korea axhomekeke kwizixhobo ze-anode zaseTshayina. Ngaphezu koko, emva kokusebenzisa ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwi-graphite kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko, iTshayina idale umsantsa wemarike wonyaka oqikelelwa kwi-180,000 yeetoni phesheya, inyusa iindleko zokuvelisa ibhetri yamandla nge-3%-5% kwaye iqinisa amandla ayo okuxoxisana.
Umjikelo Olungileyo Wokuphindaphinda Kweteknoloji Nokwandiswa Kobuchule
Amashishini aseTshayina aqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-granulation, i-graphitization, kunye ne-coating carbonization. Umzekelo, iteknoloji ye-graphitization eqhubekayo ikhokela amashishini aphesheya kweelwandle ngeminyaka emi-5-8, ngelixa iteknoloji ye-silicon-carbon anode isondela kwiincopho zethiyori. Amashishini aphambili, ngokubambisana nabathengi abaphambili njenge-CATL kunye ne-BYD, enze umjikelo ovaliweyo "wemarike yomthamo wetekhnoloji," eqhuba ukuxinana komthamo wezinto ze-anode kwihlabathi liphela eTshayina (umthamo waseTshayina udlula i-95% kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2024).
Iingozi Ezifihlakeleyo: Ubuthathaka Bolwakhiwo Olusemva Kobuchule Bokukhokela
Ukuphikisana Phakathi Kokusetyenziswa Kakubi Kwezixhobo Nokukhuselwa Kwendalo
Nangona i-graphite eninzi yaseTshayina ifumaneka, imodeli "yokwemba ukuze kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, ixabiso eliphantsi lokuthumela ngaphandle, ixabiso eliphezulu lokungenisa" ikhokelele ekuchithekeni kwezixhobo. Ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwemveliso ye-graphite ephambili lingaphantsi kwe-3,000 yuan ngetoni, ngelixa i-graphite ekhethekileyo engeniswa kwamanye amazwe ixabisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$100,000 ngetoni, nto leyo ebonisa ukungonelanga kokucubungula okunzulu. Ukongeza, ukwemba okungekho mthethweni ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezinto ezincedisayo ezifana nee-asidi, ii-alkalis, kunye namalahle kuyandisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kuphikisana neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Imingeni evela kwiibhloko zeTekhnoloji kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo zasekhaya
Nangona iTshayina ifikelele kwi-monode kwi-anodes ze-graphite zokwenziwa, isaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwe-graphite ekhethekileyo (umz., i-graphite yenyukliya, i-graphite ye-aerospace). Amazwe afana ne-US, iJapan, neJamani abeka imiqobo yetekhnoloji ukuthintela uphuhliso lwe-graphite oluphezulu lwaseTshayina. Umzekelo, ngelixa i-graphite ye-isostatic igqithe kwimiqobo "ye-chokepoint", iimveliso ze-fine-particle ezinkulu zisafuna ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okwenza ukutshintshwa kwelizwe kube ngumzamo wexesha elide.
Impembelelo yoXinzelelo lwezeNdalo kunye neengxabano zorhwebo
Isikhundla esiphambili seTshayina kwi-graphitized petroleum coke sibangele ukujikelezwa kweNtshona. ISebe lezoRhwebo laseMelika limisele irhafu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-721% kwamanye amashishini aseTshayina anezinto ze-anode kwaye lizame ukwakha kwakhona imixokelelwane yokubonelela ngempahla yasekhaya ngokusebenzisa uMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwamaxabiso. I-EU iphikise imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali yaseTshayina nge-Net Zero Industry Act. Nangona ukwakhiwa kwamandla phesheya kujongene nemiqobo emininzi efana nezixhobo, ubuchwepheshe, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla (okuqikelelwa ukuba kuthatha iminyaka emi-5-8), ukungqubana kwezorhwebo kusenokuphazamisa iimarike zokuthumela ngaphandle zaseTshayina.
Indlela eya kwiNtsingiselo: Ukusuka kubuNkokheli beZakhono ukuya ekuZinzeni kweQhinga
Ukomeleza Ukuzimela Kwezobuchwepheshe Obupheleleyo
Yandisa imizamo yophando nophuhliso kwi-graphite ekhethekileyo ukuze kugqojozwe imiqobo yetekhnoloji kwiindawo eziphezulu ezifana ne-graphite yenyukliya kunye ne-aerospace. Khuthaza ukuphuculwa kweteknoloji yokucoca kunye nokuguqula i-graphite ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhomekeka kwiimveliso eziphambili. Yandisa uyilo lwe-patent kwizixhobo eziphambili ezifana neekettle ze-granulation kunye nezitofu ze-graphitization ukuze kuhlanganiswe imiqobo yetekhnoloji.
Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi koPhuhliso lweZixhobo kunye noKhuseleko lweNdalo
Misela inkqubo yokugcina ingqwalasela yezixhobo zegrafiti ukuze kulinganiswe ukusetyenziswa nokulondolozwa. Khuthaza ubuchwepheshe bemigodi eluhlaza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko. Sebenzisa izibonelelo zerhafu ukukhokela amashishini kumacandelo asebenza ngokunzulu, uphucule ixabiso elongezelelekileyo lemveliso.
Ukwakha iNkqubo yeNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye neNkqubo yokuLwa nokuLwa
Sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukuthumela ngaphandle ukuze uhlaziye ixabiso lezixhobo eziluncedo, ezifana nokubandakanya izixhobo ze-graphite anode kuluhlu lolawulo ukuze kunyuswe iindleko zemveliso zaphesheya. Yandisa iimarike ezisakhulayo ngeBelt and Road Initiative ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuthembela kwiimarike zaseYurophu nase-US. Qinisa intsebenziswano nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-International Energy Agency (IEA) ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwemigangatho yetekhnoloji ye-graphite kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-16-2025