Umgaqo wokusebenza kwee-electrode zegrafiti zamandla aphezulu kakhulu (UHP) usekelwe kakhulu kwi-arc discharge phenomenon. Zisebenzisa umbane wazo ogqwesileyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neempawu zoomatshini, ezi electrode zivumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla ombane abe ngamandla obushushu ngaphakathi kweendawo zokunyibilikisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ziqhuba inkqubo ye-metallurgical. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweendlela zazo zokusebenza eziphambili:
1. Ukukhupha i-Arc kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane abe yi-Thermal
1.1 Indlela yoKwakha i-Arc
Xa ii-electrode zegrafiti ze-UHP zidityaniswe kwizixhobo zokunyibilikisa (umz., ii-arc furnaces zombane), zisebenza njenge-conductive media. Ukukhupha i-high-voltage kuvelisa i-arc yombane phakathi kwencam ye-electrode kunye ne-furnace charge (umz., i-scrap steel, i-iron ore). Le arc ine-conductive plasma channel eyenziwe yi-gas ionization, kunye namaqondo obushushu adlula i-3000°C—adlula kakhulu amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo okutsha.
1.2 Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo
Ubushushu obukhulu obuveliswa yi-arc buyinyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo itshaja yesithando somlilo. Ulawulo lombane oluphezulu lwee-electrodes (ezinokumelana okuphantsi njenge-6–8 μΩ·m) luqinisekisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuncinci ngexesha lokudluliselwa, nto leyo ephucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwi-electrical arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, umzekelo, ii-UHP electrodes zinokunciphisa imijikelo yokunyibilikisa ngaphezulu kwe-30%, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu imveliso.
2. Iipropati zezinto kunye noQinisekiso lokuSebenza
2.1 Uzinzo lweSakhiwo olunobushushu obuphezulu
Ukuqina kobushushu obuphezulu bee-electrode kuvela kwisakhiwo sazo sekristale: ii-athomu zekhabhoni ezifakwe iileya zenza inethiwekhi ye-covalent bond nge-sp² hybridization, kunye nokubopha phakathi kweeleya ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals. Esi sakhiwo sigcina amandla oomatshini kwi-3000°C kwaye sinika ukumelana okumangalisayo kobushushu (ngaphandle kokutshintsha kobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500°C/min), ziphumelela ngaphezu kwee-electrode zesinyithi.
2.2 Ukumelana nokwanda kobushushu kunye nokuqhekeka
Ii-electrode ze-UHP zibonisa i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu (1.2×10⁻⁶/°C), zinciphisa utshintsho lobukhulu kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye zithintela ukwakheka kweentanda ngenxa yoxinzelelo lobushushu. Ukumelana kwazo nokuqhekeka (ukukwazi ukumelana nokuguqulwa kweplastiki phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu) kulungiswa ngokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ze-needle coke kunye neenkqubo eziphambili ze-graphitization, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lobukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide komthwalo ophezulu.
2.3 Ukumelana ne-Oxidation kunye nokuGqwala
Ngokufaka ii-antioxidants (umz., ii-borides, ii-silicides) kunye nokusebenzisa ii-surface coatings, ubushushu bokuqalisa i-oxidation yee-electrodes buphakanyiswa ngaphezu kwama-800°C. Ukungakwazi kweekhemikhali ukumelana ne-slag enyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lokunyibilikisa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwee-electrode, kwandisa ubomi benkonzo ukuya kuthi ga ngokuphindwe ka-2-3 kunee-electrodes eziqhelekileyo.
3. Ukuhambelana kweNkqubo kunye nokuSebenzisa ngcono iNkqubo
3.1 Uxinano lwangoku kunye nomthamo wamandla
Ii-electrode ze-UHP zixhasa uxinano lwamandla angaphezulu kwe-50 A/cm². Xa zidityaniswe nee-transformers ezinomthamo ophezulu (umz., i-100 MVA), zivumela amandla okufaka isithando esinye esingaphezulu kwe-100 MW. Olu yilo lukhawulezisa amazinga okufaka ubushushu ngexesha lokunyibilikisa—umzekelo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni nganye ye-silicon kwimveliso ye-ferrosilicon ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-8000 kWh.
3.2 Impendulo Eguqukayo kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo
Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokunyibilikisa isinyithi zisebenzisa iiSmart Electrode Regulators (SERs) ukuze zihlale zijonga indawo ye-electrode, ukuguquguquka kwamandla, kunye nobude be-arc, zigcina amazinga okusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ngaphakathi kwentsimbi eyi-1.5–2.0 kg/t. Idibene nokujonga umoya wesithando (umz., umlinganiselo we-CO/CO₂), oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electrode-charge coupling.
3.3 Ukuphucula ukuSebenza kakuhle kweNkqubo kunye nokuPhucula ukuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Ukusebenzisa ii-electrode ze-UHP kufuna ukuxhaswa kweziseko zophuhliso, kuquka iinkqubo zombane ezine-voltage ephezulu (umz., uqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo lwe-110 kV), iintambo ezipholisiweyo ngamanzi, kunye neeyunithi zokuqokelela uthuli ezisebenzayo. Iitekhnoloji zokubuyisa ubushushu obumdaka (umz., ukuveliswa kombane we-arc furnace ngaphandle kwegesi) ziphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-60%, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhla.
Olu guqulelo lugcina ukuchaneka kobuchwephesha ngelixa lulandela imigaqo yesigama sezemfundo/yemizi-mveliso, luqinisekisa ukucaca kwabaphulaphuli abakhethekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-06-2025