Umgaqo osebenzayo we-ultra-high power (UHP) i-graphite electrode isekelwe ngokukodwa kwi-arc discharge phenomenon. Ukusebenzisa umbane wabo obalaseleyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neepropathi zomatshini, ezi electrode zenza ukuba uguqulo olusebenzayo lwamandla ombane lube kumandla ashushu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokunyibilikisa yobushushu obuphezulu, ngaloo ndlela iqhuba inkqubo yesinyithi. Apha ngezantsi lucazululo oluneenkcukacha lweendlela zabo zokusebenza ezingundoqo:
1. Ukukhutshwa kwe-Arc kunye nokuguqulwa koMbane ukuya kwi-Thermal
1.1 i-Arc Formation Mechanism
Xa i-electrode ye-graphite ye-UHP idityaniswe kwizixhobo zokunyibilikisa (umzekelo, ii-arc furnaces zombane), zisebenza njengemidiya eqhubayo. Ukukhutshwa kwe-voltage ephezulu kuvelisa i-arc yombane phakathi kwencam ye-electrode kunye nentlawulo yesithando somlilo (umzekelo, intsimbi yentsimbi, intsimbi yentsimbi). Le arc iqulethe i-conductive plasma channel eyenziwa yi-ionization yegesi, kunye namaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-3000 ° C-edlula kakhulu ukushisa okutshisa okuqhelekileyo.
1.2 UThutho lwaMandla oluLungileyo
Ubushushu obukhulu obuveliswa yi-arc bunyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo intlawulo yesithando somlilo. I-electrodes 'i-conductivity ephezulu yombane (enokumelana ne-resistivity ephantsi njenge-6-8 μΩ·m) iqinisekisa ilahleko yamandla encinci ngexesha lokuhambisa, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwi-arc electric furnace (EAF) yokwenza intsimbi, umzekelo, i-electrode ye-UHP inokunciphisa imijikelo yokunyibilikisa ngaphezulu kwe-30%, iphucula kakhulu imveliso.
2. IiPropati zeMathiriyeli kunye noQinisekiso lokuSebenza
2.1 Uzinzo lweZakhiwo zoBubushushu obuphezulu
I-electrodes' ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu buvela kulwakhiwo lwazo oluyikristale: iiathom zekhabhoni ezimaleko zenza uthungelwano oludityanisiweyo lwebhondi ngokusebenzisa i-sp² hybridization, kunye ne-interlayer ebophelelayo ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals. Esi sakhiwo sigcina amandla omatshini kwi-3000 ° C kwaye sinika ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal (ukumelana nokuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 ° C / min), i-electrode yensimbi egqwesileyo.
2.2 Ukumelana noKwandiswa kweThermal kunye neCreep
I-electrodes ye-UHP ibonisa i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ / ° C), ukunciphisa utshintsho lwe-dimensional kumaqondo okushisa aphakamileyo kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Ukuxhathisa kwabo kwe-creep (ubuchule bokumelana ne-deformation yeplastiki phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu) buphuculwe ngokukhethwa kwe-naliti ye-coke ekrwada kunye neenkqubo eziphambili ze-graphitization, ziqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional ngexesha lokusebenza kwexesha elide lomthwalo ophezulu.
2.3 I-Oxidation kunye ne-Corrosion Resistance
Ngokubandakanya i-antioxidant (umz., iibhoridi, iisilidi) kunye nokusebenzisa izinto zokugquma umphezulu, iqondo lobushushu bokuqalisa i-electrodes'oxidation linyuswe ngaphezu kwama-800°C. I-inertness ye-Chemical against slag etyhidiweyo ngexesha lokunyibilika kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ngokugqithiseleyo, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo ukuya kumaxesha angama-2-3 ee-electrodes eziqhelekileyo.
3. Ukuhambelana kweNkqubo kunye nokuPhuculwa kweNkqubo
3.1 Uxinaniso lwangoku kunye noMmandla waMandla
Iielectrode ze-UHP zixhasa uxinaniso lwangoku oludlula i-50 A/cm². Xa zidityaniswe neziguquli zomthamo ophezulu (umzekelo, i-100 MVA), zenza ukuba kufakwe amandla kwiziko elinye elingaphezu kwe-100 MW. Olu yilo lukhawulezisa amazinga okufakwa kwe-thermal ngexesha lokunyibilikisa-umzekelo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni nganye ye-silicon kwimveliso ye-ferrosilicon ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-8000 kWh.
3.2 Ukuphendula okuguquguqukayo kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo
Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokunyibilikisa zisebenzisa i-Smart Electrode Regulators (i-SERs) ukujonga ngokuqhubekayo indawo ye-electrode, ukuguquguquka kwangoku, kunye nobude be-arc, ukugcina amazinga okusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ngaphakathi kwe-1.5-2.0 kg / t intsimbi. Idityaniswe nokujongwa kwendawo yomlilo (umzekelo, umlinganiselo weCO/CO₂), oku kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudibanisa i-electrode-charge.
3.3 I-Synergy yeNkqubo kunye nokuPhucula ukuFaneka koMbane
Ukusasazwa kwee-electrode ze-UHP kufuna iziseko ezingundoqo ezixhasayo, kuqukwa neenkqubo zobonelelo lwamandla ombane aphezulu (umz., uqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo lwe-110 kV), iintambo ezipholiswe ngamanzi, kunye neeyunithi ezisebenzayo zokuqokelelwa kothuli. Itekhnoloji yokubuyisela ubushushu benkunkuma (umzekelo, i-arc furnace off-gas cogeneration) iphakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60%, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane.
Le nguqulelo igcina ukuchaneka kobugcisa ngelixa ibambelela kwiimvumelwano zesigama kwizifundo/zeshishini, iqinisekisa ukucaca kubaphulaphuli abakhethekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-06-2025