Isimo sesicelo kunye nohlalutyo lweProspect yeGraphite Electrodes kwiAnode Materials kwiibhetri zeLithium-Ion
1. Imeko yesicelo: I-Graphite ilawula iMarike kodwa ijongene noxinzelelo lokuphindaphinda kwezobuchwepheshe
1.1 Isikhundla Esiphambili Semarike
Izixhobo ze-anode ze-graphite (kuquka i-graphite yendalo kunye ne-synthetic) zihlala ziphambili kwii-anode zebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-99% yokuthunyelwa kwehlabathi ngo-2024. I-graphite yokwenziwa, enezibonelelo ezinje ngoxinano oluphezulu lwe-tap, ukusebenza kakuhle komjikelo (>1,500 cycles), kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuqala kwe-93%, ilawula icandelo lebhetri yamandla ngesabelo semarike esingaphezulu kwe-80%. Njengomvelisi omkhulu kwihlabathi, iTshayina ifumene imveliso ye-负极材料 (izinto ze-anode) ye-2.16 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric ngo-2024, ibamba i-98.5% yemarike yehlabathi, kunye ne-anode ze-graphite eziquka ngaphezulu kwe-75% yesi sixa sipheleleyo.
1.2 Iingenelo zeendleko ezibalulekileyo
Ii-anode zegrafiti zifikelele kwiindleko eziphantsi ngenxa yoqoqosho oluphezulu, apho amaxabiso egrafiti eyenziweyo yasekhaya eTshayina ehla ukusuka kwi-RMB 55,000/ton ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-RMB 16,500/ton ngo-2024, ukwehla kwe-21.43%. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kumacandelo ajongene namaxabiso afana ne-elektroniki yabathengi kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla.
1.3 Iingxaki Zobuchwepheshe Ezisakhulayo
Umthamo weGraphite ocacileyo ngokwethiyori ulinganiselwe kwi-372 mAh/g, usondela kwinqanaba lokusebenza kwawo kwaye uyasokola ukuhlangabezana nemfuno "yoluhlu olude kakhulu" kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla (ii-NEV). Ukusukela uxinano olukhulu lwamandla kwiibhetri zamandla aphezulu kuqhuba utshintsho oluya kwizixhobo zesizukulwana esilandelayo ezifana nee-anode ze-silicon kunye ne-hard carbon.
2. Amathuba Okusetyenziswa: Ayinakutshintshwa Ngexesha Elifutshane Kodwa Ijongene Neengozi Zokutshintshwa Kwexesha Elide
2.1 Ixesha elifutshane (iminyaka emi-3–5): I-Graphite Ihlala Ingundoqo
- Ukukhula kweMfuno eZinzileyo: Ukwanda kwee-NEV kunye neemarike zokugcina amandla kuya kukhuthaza imfuno yezinto ze-anode, apho ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kulindeleke ukuba kufikelelwe kwiitoni ze-metric eziyi-2.41 yezigidi ngo-2025, kunye nee-graphite anodes ezisaqhubeka nokubala ngaphezulu kwama-70%.
- Ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kugcina ukukhuphisana: Ubuchwepheshe bokugquma obune-liquid-phase buye bandisa ubomi bomjikelo we-graphite anode ngaphaya kwemijikelo engama-2,000, ngelixa uyilo lwesakhiwo olunemingxuma ye-3D luvumela ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kumthamo wama-80%, luhlangabezana neemfuno ze-elektroniki zabathengi kunye neebhetri zamandla ezisezantsi.
- Iingenelo zeendleko azikachaswa: Utshintsho kwiinkqubo ze-graphitization (umz., i-graphitization eqhubekayo) lunciphisa iindleko ngakumbi, ngelixa ii-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon zihlala zibiza ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu, nto leyo ethintela ukwamkelwa kobunzima bexesha elifutshane.
2.2 Ixesha Elide (Iminyaka emi-5–10): Ii-Anode ezisekelwe kwiSilicon zifumana ukutsala, zicinezela isabelo semarike seGraphite
- Ulwahlulo lwe-Anode oluSekwe kwiSilicon: Inkqubela phambili kuyilo olucwangcisiweyo, ukulungiswa kwe-carbon coating, kunye neetekhnoloji zangaphambi kwe-lithiation ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle komjikelo wokuqala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-85%, zandisa ubomi bomjikelo ngaphaya kwemijikelo eyi-1,000, kwaye zanciphisa iindleko ngama-60% ukusuka kumanqanaba ka-2022 ukuya kwi-RMB 180/kg. Imarike ye-anode esekwe kwisilicon yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-RMB 30 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025, kunye nokungena okungaphezulu kwe-10%, kwaye mhlawumbi i-25% ngo-2030.
- Iinkqubo kunye nabaqhubi beMarike: Intengiso ye-NEV yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiiyunithi ezingama-60 ezigidi ngo-2030, ngelixa amandla okugcina amandla emiselwe ukukhula ukusuka kwi-300 GWh ngo-2025 ukuya kwi-800 GWh ngo-2030. Iimfuno eziphezulu zamandla ziya kukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwee-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon.
- Indawo Yokuphumla yeGraphite: Ii-anode zeGraphite zinokubuyela kwiibhetri zamandla ezikumgangatho ophantsi, indawo yokugcina amandla, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, kunye nesabelo semarike esonakaliswe zizinto ezisekwe kwisilicon, i-lithium-metal, kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili.
2.3 Iingozi Ezinokubakho Zokutshintsha: Iibhetri zeSodium-Ion kunye neSolid-State
- Ukuthengiswa kweBhetri yeSodium-Ion: Ukuba iindleko ziwela ngaphantsi kwe-RMB 0.3/Wh, iibhetri zesodium-ion zinokuphazamisa imfuno ye-graphite anode, ingakumbi kwindawo yokugcina amandla.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwebhetri yeSolid-State: Ukudibana kwee-electrolytes zesolid-state kunye nee-anode ze-lithium-metal kunokutshintsha imeko ye-anode, nangona ukuthengiswa kusasele iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.
3. Iindlela zoshishino kunye neengcebiso zobuchule
3.1 Imiyalelo yokuphindaphinda kweTekhnoloji
- Ii-Graphite Anodes: Zigxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza (umz., ukugqunywa kwesigaba solwelo), ukunciphisa iindleko (umz., ukuguquguqulwa okuqhubekayo kwegrafithi), kunye nokuphila ixesha elide (umz., izakhiwo ezinemingxuma ye-3D).
- Ii-Anode eziSekwe kwiSilicon: Zijonga ukuvuthwa kwenkqubo ye-silicon-carbon ye-CVD, ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwe-lithiation, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-graphite-silicon composite (umz., izisombululo ze-BTR ze-S+i graphite).
- Ii-Anode Ezivelayo: Ii-anode ze-lithium-metal kunye ne-carbon ezinamagqabi kwiibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur zingena kwisigaba sovavanyo, kunye neeprojekthi zentsebenziswano phakathi kweshishini nezemfundo ziphindaphindeka kathathu ukusukela ngo-2022.
3.2 Iingcebiso zoBuchule beNkampani
- Isicwangciso sexesha elifutshane: Ukuphuhlisa ii-anode zeenkqubo ze-cathode ezine-nickel ephezulu kunye nee-silicon-carbon composites ukuphucula iiprimiyamu zemveliso.
- Icebo Lexesha Elide: Tyala imali kwiipatenti eziphambili (umz., ukuguqulwa kwengubo, i-pre-lithiation) kwaye uqinise ubudlelwane nabavelisi beebhetri abaphezulu aba-5 kwihlabathi liphela ukuze uqinise isikhundla semarike.
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko: Utyalo-mali oluhlukeneyo kwiiteknoloji ze-graphite, i-silicon, kunye ne-lithium-metal ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zokutshintsha; beka phambili ababoneleli ngentsebenzo eqinileyo ye-ESG kunye neendlela zokwenza izinto eziluhlaza.
4. Isiphelo
Ii-electrode zegrafiti zihlala zibalulekile kwii-anode zebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwixesha elifutshane, zixhaswa yixabiso lazo eliphantsi, uzinzo, kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwephesha okuqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kwii-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon kunye nokunyuka kweemfuno zoxinano lwamandla kwi-NEVs kubeka umngcipheko wokutshintshwa kwexesha elide. Iinkampani kufuneka zilinganisele ubuchule, ulawulo lweendleko, kunye nokuqina kochungechunge lokubonelela ukuya kutshintsho ukusuka "ekwandiseni isikali" ukuya "ekuphuculeni umgangatho," ekugqibeleni ziqhubela ishishini kuxinano lwamandla oluphezulu, ubomi obude, kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2025