Iindima eziphambili kunye nohlalutyo lweGraphitized Petroleum Coke kwiNkqubo emfutshane ye-Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) kunye nokwenza intsimbi engaphantsi kwekhabhoni
I. Izinto ezisisiseko zeGraphite Electrodes, ezixhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kweNkqubo emfutshane ye-EAF
1. Iimpawu zeMpahla eluhlaza kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo I-Graphitized petroleum coke yimveliso ephuma kwi-petroleum coke efakwe kwi-graphitization kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-2,500°C, iguqula isakhiwo sayo sekristale ukusuka kwimeko engafaniyo ukuya kwimo ye-graphite ecwangcisiweyo kakhulu. Ibonisa umbane ophezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo (ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-3,000°C), kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza ii-electrode ze-graphite, ezizezona zinto ziphambili zokuqhuba kwintsimbi ye-EAF.
2. Ukuphuculwa Kokusebenza Kakuhle Kwindlela Emfutshane Yokwenza Intsimbi Inkqubo emfutshane ye-EAF isebenzisa ikakhulu intsimbi elahliweyo njengempahla yokutya, iyinyibilikise ngokuthe ngqo kwaye i-oxidize ukungcola ngokusebenzisa ii-arcs zombane eziveliswa zii-electrodes ze-graphite. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo ende yesiqhelo ye-blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) (efuna i-iron ore kunye ne-coking coal), inkqubo emfutshane ye-EAF isusa isigaba sokwenza intsimbi, inciphisa ubude benkqubo ngaphezulu kwe-60%, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla phantse nge-60%, kwaye inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ malunga ne-80%. Ii-electrodes ze-graphite ezisekwe kwi-graphitized petroleum coke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo:
- Ukuqhuba Umbane Okuphezulu: Kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ombane, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu be-arc, kwaye kunciphisa imijikelo yokunyibilikisa (umz., ii-EAF ze-quantum zinciphisa ixesha lokunyibilikisa nge-50% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela eziqhelekileyo).
- Ukumelana nobushushu: Iyamelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo ngaphakathi kwi-EAFs, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode (umz., i-eco-EAFs inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ngama-57.5% xa kuthelekiswa nezitofu zemveli).
- Uzinzo lweeKhemikhali: Ithintela ukusabela phakathi kwee-electrode kunye nentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo okanye i-slag, iqinisekisa ubunyulu bentsimbi.
II. Ukuqhuba Ukwenza Intsimbi Enekhabhoni Ephantsi: Utshintsho Oluluhlaza Ukusuka Kwizinto Ezirhabaxa Ukuya Kwiinkqubo
1. Ukutshintsha Amafutha Ezinto Eziphilayo Ukuze Kuncitshiswe Ukukhutshwa Kwekhabhoni Inkqubo ende yendabuko ixhomekeke kakhulu kumalahle njengepetroli kunye nearhente yokunciphisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuqina okuphezulu kwekhabhoni. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo emfutshane ye-EAF isebenzisa intsimbi elahliweyo kunye nombane njengomthombo wayo wamandla, ifezekisa utshintsho "lokuba ngumbane ngamalahle" ngokusebenzisa ii-electrode ze-graphite ezivela kwi-petroleum coke. Ukuba ziqhutywa ngamandla avuselelekayo (umz., ilanga okanye umoya), ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuphantse kube zero kuya kwenzeka. Umzekelo, ii-eco-EAF zisebenzisa amandla aluhlaza ukunyibilikisa izinto ezikrwada ezinekhabhoni ephantsi, zivelisa iibhelethi zentsimbi ezineteknoloji "ezingabandakanywanga yikhabhoni" kwaye phantse azikho ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂.
2. Ukubuyiselwa kobushushu obungafunekiyo kunye nokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla Ukuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kuxhasa ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokubuyisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo kwi-EAFs. Iigesi zeflue ezinobushushu obuphezulu (ezithwala i-11-20% yamandla okufaka) zinokubuyisa ubushushu ngee-electrodes ze-graphite okanye ii-heat exchangers ezizinikeleyo zokufudumeza kwangaphambili okanye ukuvelisa umbane, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Umzekelo, itekhnoloji yokufudumeza kwangaphambili kwe-scrap inyusa ubushushu be-scrap ukusuka kwi-ambient ukuya kwi-600°C, inciphisa imijikelo yokunyibilikisa nge-15-20% kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kombane ngetoni nganye yentsimbi nge-36.95-40.22%.
3. Ukukhuthaza Ukusetyenziswa Kwezixhobo Zentsimbi Encinci Kwisijikelezi-langa Inkqubo emfutshane ye-EAF, eqhutywa yi-graphitized petroleum coke, itshintsha ishishini lentsimbi ukusuka kwimodeli "yezixhobo-iimveliso-inkunkuma" ukuya kwisakhelo "sezixhobo-iimveliso-ezisebenzisiweyo-eziphinda zisetyenziswe". Ngowama-2024, iinkampani eziphambili zifikelele kwimveliso enkulu yeentsimbi eziqinileyo kakhulu, ezinamandla kakhulu, ezifikelela kwiimfuno zokukhanya ngelixa zilungelelanisa iindleko kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo "zentsimbi eluhlaza."
III. Ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zeMarike: Ixabiso "elingwevu" leGraphitized Petroleum Coke liyakhanya
1. Imfuno Ekhulayo Yeemveliso Ezisebenza Kakhulu Njengoko amandla e-EAF esanda (umz., izitofu ezidlula iitoni ezingama-400) kunye nobuchwepheshe bokunyibilikisa isinyithi buqhubela phambili (umz., ii-quantum EAFs, ii-eco-EAFs), imfuno yee-electrode ze-graphite ezikumgangatho ophezulu iyakhula. I-graphitized petroleum coke, njengezinto ezikrwada ezibalulekileyo, ijongene nokhuphiswano oluphezulu malunga nobunyulu (umxholo wothuthu <0.5%), i-impregnations ezininzi (ii-cycles ezi-3–4), kunye ne-graphitization yobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu (resistivity <4 μΩ·m).
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kweGreen Premium kunye neSupply Chain Phantsi kweenjongo zaseTshayina "zekhabhoni ezimbini", abavelisi be-petroleum coke abanemifanekiso banciphisa iimpawu zekhabhoni ngokuvelisa amandla aluhlaza kunye norhwebo lwekhabhoni, befumana "iiprimiyamu eziluhlaza" kwaye betsala abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abakumgangatho ophezulu. Iinkampani eziphambili nazo ziyanda ngokuthe nkqo ukuze zenze imijikelo yemizi-mveliso edibeneyo equka "izinto eziluhlaza ze-coke-izinto ze-graphitization-anode," ukuzinzisa imijikelo yokubonelela kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
3. Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhula okuqhutywa yiMarike njengezikhokelo zaseTshayina zokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluphezulu lweShishini leNtsimbi zikhuthaza ngokucacileyo ukwamkelwa kwe-EAF, kunye nomlinganiselo wokwenza intsimbi ye-EAF oqikelelwa ukuba uza kunyuka kakhulu ngo-2025. Njengezinto eziphambili ze-EAFs, i-graphitized petroleum coke iya kubona ukukhula kwemarike okuqhubekayo, iqhubela phambili ishishini ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kunye nokukhutshwa komoya okuphantsi.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-14-2026