Kutheni le nto ii-electrode zegraphite zikwazi ukumelana nemo engqongileyo yobushushu obuphezulu?

Kutheni le nto ii-electrode zegraphite zikwazi ukumelana nemo engqongileyo yobushushu obuphezulu?

Ii-electrode zegraphite zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumzi mveliso wanamhlanje, ngakumbi kwizicelo kwindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, njengokwenza intsimbi yombane ye-arc, i-aluminiyam electrolysis, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-electrochemical. Isizathu sokuba kutheni i-electrode yegraphite inokumelana nemekobume yobushushu obuphezulu ibalelwa ikakhulu kwiimpawu zazo ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwee-electrode zegraphite kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ukusuka kwimiba efana nesakhiwo, iipropathi ze-thermal, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, kunye namandla omatshini egraphite.

1. Iimpawu zesakhiwo segraphite

Igraphite yimathiriyeli yesakhiwo esimaleko eyenziwe ngeeathom zekhabhoni. Kwisakhiwo sekristale segraphite, iiathom zekhabhoni zicwangciswe kwiplani yeplani enehexagonal. Iiathom zekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwendawo nganye ziqhagamshelwe ngamabhondi aqinileyo aqinileyo, ngelixa iileya zinxibelelana enye kwenye ngemikhosi ebuthathaka ngokwentelekiso van der Waals. Olu lwakhiwo lunomaleko lunika igraphite ngeempawu ezizodwa zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.

Iibhondi eziqinileyo eziqinileyo ngaphakathi kweemaleko: I-covalent bonds phakathi kwe-athom zekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwemigangatho yomelele ngokugqithisileyo, ivumela igraphite ukuba igcine uzinzo lwesakhiwo nakumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

I-Weak van der Waals inamandla phakathi kweeleya: Intsebenziswano phakathi kweeleya ibuthathaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba igraphite ithande ukutyibilika kwi-interlayer xa iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle. Olu phawu lunika igraphite ngokuthambisa okugqwesileyo kunye nokuqhubekeka.

2. Iimpawu ze-Thermal

Ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwee-electrode zegraphite kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kubangelwa ikakhulu kwiimpawu zazo ezibalaseleyo zokushisa.

Indawo yokunyibilika ephezulu: IGrafite inendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu kakhulu, malunga ne-3,652 °C, engaphezulu kakhulu kuneyesinyithi kunye neealloyi ezininzi. Oku kwenza ukuba igraphite ihlale yomelele kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokunyibilika okanye ukonakala.

I-high conductivity ye-thermal: I-graphite ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, enokuthi iqhube ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasaze ubushushu, ikhusela ukushisa kwendawo. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba i-electrode yegraphite isasaze ngokulinganayo ubushushu kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.

I-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal: I-graphite ine-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, oku kuthetha ukuba umthamo wayo utshintsha ngaphantsi kumaqondo aphezulu. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba i-electrode yegraphite igcine ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kunye nokuguqulwa okubangelwa kukwandiswa kwe-thermal.

3. Ukuzinza kweekhemikhali

Uzinzo lwekhemikhali yee-electrode zegraphite kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu buyenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kubo ukuba bamelane nobushushu obuphezulu.

Ukumelana ne-oxidation: Kubushushu obuphezulu, izinga lokuphendula kwegraphite ngeoksijini licotha noko, ngakumbi kwiigesi ezingasebenziyo okanye ekunciphiseni i-atmospheres, apho izinga le-oxidation yegraphite liphantsi nangakumbi. Oku kuxhathisa kwe-oxidation kwenza ukuba i-electrode yegraphite isetyenziswe ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokuxutywa kunye nokuguga.

Ukumelana nokukhula: Igraphite inokumelana nokudumba okuhle kuninzi lweeasidi, iialkali kunye neetyuwa, ezenza ukuba i-electrode yegraphite ihlale izinzile kubushushu obuphezulu kunye neendawo ezidliwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lenkqubo ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic, i-electrode yegraphite inokumelana nokubola kwe-aluminiyam etyhidiweyo kunye neetyuwa ze-fluoride.

4. Amandla omatshini

Nangona intsebenziswano ye-interlaminar yegraphite ibuthathaka, iibhondi eziqinileyo eziqinileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo se-intramellar zinika igraphite amandla aphezulu omatshini.

Amandla acinezelayo aphezulu: I-electrode yegraphite inokugcina amandla aphezulu okucinezela nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu, ekwaziyo ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemithwalo yempembelelo kwiziko lombane le-arc.

Ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal: I-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye ne-high-thermal conductivity ye-graphite inika ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, okwenza ukuba igcine ingqibelelo yesakhiwo ngexesha lokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kunye nomonakalo obangelwa luxinzelelo lwe-thermal.

5. Iimpawu zombane

Ukusebenza kombane kwee-electrode zegraphite kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kukwasisizathu esibalulekileyo sokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi.

I-conductivity ephezulu yombane: I-graphite ine-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane, enokuthi iqhube ngokufanelekileyo ngoku kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba i-electrode yegraphite idlulise amandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo kwii-arc zombane kunye neenkqubo ze-electrolysis.

Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi: Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kwegraphite kuyenza ikwazi ukugcina ukuxhathisa okuncinci kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

6. Ukucubungula ukusebenza

Ukusebenza kokulungiswa kwee-electrode zegraphite yinto ebalulekileyo kwisicelo sabo kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa.

Ukuqhubekeka lula: IGrafite inokuqhubekeka okugqwesileyo kwaye inokucutshungulwa kwii-electrode zeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ngokulungiswa koomatshini, ukujika, ukungqusha kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.

Ukucoceka okuphezulu: I-electrode ye-graphite ecocekileyo ephezulu inozinzo olungcono kunye nokusebenza kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa, ezinokunciphisa ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali kunye neziphene zesakhiwo ezibangelwa ukungcola.

7. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa

Iielectrode zegraphite zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zoshishino ezininzi ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yesicelo esiqhelekileyo:

I-Electric arc furnace steelmaking: Kwinkqubo yokwenza intsimbi ye-arc yombane, i-electrode yegraphite, njengezinto eziqhubayo, inokumelana namaqondo obushushu afikelela kuma-3000°C, iguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla ashushu ukunyibilikisa intsimbi elahliweyo kunye nentsimbi yehagu.

I-aluminiyam ye-Electrolytic: Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-aluminiyam ye-electrolytic, i-electrode yegraphite isebenza njenge-anode, ekwaziyo ukumelana namaqondo aphezulu kunye nokuhlwa kwe-aluminium etyhidiweyo kunye neetyuwa ze-fluoride, ukuqhuba ngokuzinzileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-electrolytic ye-aluminium.

I-electrochemical machining: Kwi-electrochemical machining, i-electrode yegraphite, njenge-electrode yesixhobo, inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu kunye ne-corrosion, ifezekise ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokwenza.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, isizathu sokuba kutheni i-electrode yegraphite inokumelana nemekobume yobushushu obuphezulu ikakhulu ilele kulwakhiwo lwazo olwahlukileyo, iipropathi ezigqwesileyo zobushushu, uzinzo lweekhemikhali, amandla oomatshini, iipropathi zombane kunye nokusebenza kokusebenza. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba i-electrode yegraphite ihlale izinzile kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu kunye ne-corrosion, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezifana ne-electric arc furnace steelmaking, i-aluminium ye-electrolytic, kunye ne-electrochemical processing. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetheknoloji yoshishino, ukusebenza kunye nobubanzi bokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode yegraphite iya kwandiswa ngakumbi, ibonelela ngezisombululo ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo kumashishini aphezulu obushushu.