Ukwenziwa kwegrafiti, ngonyango lobushushu obuphezulu kwi-3000℃, kuguqula iiathom zekhabhoni kwi-petroleum coke ukusuka kwisakhiwo esingalungelelaniswanga ukuya kwisakhiwo segrafiti esicwangcisiweyo kakhulu, okwandisa kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwayo kombane, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, kunciphisa ukumelana kombane kunye nomxholo womlotha, ngelixa kuphucula iipropati zoomatshini kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali. Oku kubangela umahluko omkhulu wokusebenza phakathi kwe-petroleum coke enegrafiti kunye ne-petroleum coke eqhelekileyo. Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lulandelayo:
1. Uhlengahlengiso lweMicrological: Ukusuka kwiDisorder ukuya kwi-Oda
I-Coke yePetroleum eqhelekileyo: Yenziwe ngokucolwa okulibazisekileyo kwentsalela yepetroliyam, iiathom zayo zekhabhoni zicwangciswe ngendlela engacwangciswanga, zineempazamo ezininzi kunye nokungcola, zenza isakhiwo esifana "nokufakwa kwe-layer stacking engalunganga." Esi sakhiwo sithintela ukufuduka kwee-electron kwaye sinciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu, ngelixa ukungcola (okufana nesalfure kunye nothuthu) kuphazamisana nokusebenza.
I-Graphitized Petroleum Coke: Emva konyango olushushu kakhulu kwi-3000℃, ii-athomu zekhabhoni ziyasasazeka kwaye zihlengahlengiswe ngokutsha ngokusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kobushushu, zenze isakhiwo esineengqimba ezifana ne-graphite. Kule sakhiwo, ii-athomu zekhabhoni zicwangciswe kwigridi yehexagonal, kunye neengqimba ezidityaniswe kunye yimikhosi ye-van der Waals, zenze ikristale ecwangcisiweyo kakhulu. Olu tshintsho lufana "nokucwangcisa amaphepha asasazekileyo abe ziincwadi ezicocekileyo," okwenza ukuba i-electron kunye nokudluliselwa kobushushu kube ngcono ngakumbi.
2. Iindlela eziphambili zokuphucula ukusebenza
Ukuqhuba kombane: Ukumelana kombane kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kwayo kudlula oko kwe-petroleum coke eqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba isakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo sinciphisa ukusasazeka kwee-electron, sivumela ii-electron ukuba zihambe ngokukhululekileyo. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo ze-electrode zebhetri, i-graphitized petroleum coke inokubonelela ngemveliso yamandla eqinileyo.
Ukuqhuba Ubushushu: Iiathom zekhabhoni ezicwangciswe ngokusondeleyo kwisakhiwo esineeleya zenza kube lula ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza ngokusebenzisa ukungcangcazela kwelatisi. Olu phawu lwenza i-graphitized petroleum coke ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokusasaza ubushushu, ezifana nezinki zobushushu zezixhobo ze-elektroniki.
Iipropati zoomatshini: Ulwakhiwo lwekristale lwe-graphitized petroleum coke luyenza ibe lukhuni ngakumbi kwaye ikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka, ngelixa igcina ukuguquguquka okuthile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingaqhekeki lula.
Uzinzo lweeKhemikhali: Unyango olushushu kakhulu lususa uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo (ezifana nesalfure kunye nothuthu), lunciphisa inani leendawo ezisebenzayo zeempendulo zeekhemikhali kwaye lwenza i-graphitized petroleum coke izinze ngakumbi kwiindawo ezirhabaxa.
3. Ukhetho olwahlukileyo lweemeko zesicelo
I-Ordinary Petroleum Coke: Ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezineemfuno zokusebenza ezingqongqo kangako, ezifana nepetroli, izixhobo zokwakha iindlela, okanye njengezinto eziluhlaza zokulungisa i-graphitization.
I-Graphitized Petroleum Coke: Ngenxa yokuqhuba kwayo umbane okuphezulu, ukuqhuba kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo eziphezulu:
- Ii-Electrode zeBhetri: Njengezinto ezingasebenzi kakuhle ze-electrode, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja nokukhupha i-charge kunye nobomi bomjikelo weebhetri.
- Ishishini leMetallurgical: Njenge-carburizer, ilungisa umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwaye iphucula iimpawu zentsimbi.
- Ukwenziwa kweeSemiconductor: Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso zegrafiti ezicocekileyo kakhulu, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoomatshini abachanekileyo.
- I-Aerospace: Isebenza njengesixhobo sokukhusela ubushushu, ukumelana neemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu.
4. Iindima eziphambili zeNkqubo yoKwahlulahlula iiGraphitization
Ulawulo lobushushu: 3000℃ ngumda wobushushu obalulekileyo wokwenziwa kwegrafu. Ngaphantsi kobu bushushu, iiathom zekhabhoni azikwazi ukuphinda zicwangciswe ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igrafu inganeli; ngaphezulu kobu bushushu, ukugqwala kakhulu kwezinto kunokubakho, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukhuseleko Lomoya: Le nkqubo idla ngokwenziwa kwindawo engasebenziyo, efana ne-argon okanye i-nitrogen, ukuthintela ii-athomu zekhabhoni ukuba zingasabelani neoksijini ukuze zenze ikhabhoni diokside, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwezinto.
Ixesha kunye neeCatalysts: Ukwandisa ixesha lokubamba okanye ukongeza ii-catalysts (ezifana ne-boron okanye i-titanium) kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-graphitization, kodwa kwandisa iindleko.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025