IZiko loPhando loBugcisa boBunjineli bokuCwangcisa iOyile enzima iCnooc (Qingdao) Co., LTD
Itekhnoloji yoLondolozo lweZixhobo, Inqaku 32, 2021
Isishwankathelo: Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi netekhnoloji yaseTshayina lukhuthaze uphuhliso lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo oluntu. Kwangaxeshanye, lukwaphucule ngempumelelo amandla ethu oqoqosho kunye namandla esizwe ngokubanzi. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokwenza intsimbi yesekethe, i-needle coke isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni ii-electrode ze-graphite. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iimveliso zebhetri ye-lithium, kunye nakwishishini lamandla enyukliya kunye namacandelo eenqwelo moya. Ngokukhuthazwa kwemvelaphi yesayensi netekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokwenza intsimbi yesithando sombane kuye kwakhuthazwa, kwaye imigangatho kunye neemfuno ezihambelanayo ze-needle coke kuphando nophuhliso kunye nenkqubo yemveliso ziye zahlaziywa rhoqo, ukuze kuhambelane neemfuno zophuhliso lwemveliso yoluntu. Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yemveliso, i-needle coke yahlulwe yaba luchungechunge lwe-petroleum kunye nochungechunge lwamalahle. Ngokweziphumo ezithile zesicelo, kunokubonwa ukuba i-needle coke yochungechunge lwe-petroleum inomsebenzi onamandla weekhemikhali kunechungechunge lwamalahle. Kule phepha, sifunda imeko yangoku yemarike yokugxila kwinaliti yepetroliyam kunye neengxaki kwinkqubo yophando kunye nemveliso yetekhnoloji efanelekileyo, kwaye sihlalutya ubunzima kuphuhliso lwemveliso kunye nobunzima bobuchwephesha obunxulumeneyo bokugxila kwinaliti yepetroliyam.
I. Intshayelelo
I-Needle coke idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwe-graphite electrode. Kwimeko yophuhliso lwangoku, amazwe angaphandle aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States ne-Japan aqale kwangethuba kuphando nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwe-needle coke, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji efanelekileyo kuye kwabonakala kuvuthiwe, kwaye baye bayiqonda kakuhle itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-petroleum needle coke. Xa kuthelekiswa, uphando oluzimeleyo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-needle kwi-oyile kuqala kade. Kodwa ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo loqoqosho lwethu lwemarike, ukukhuthaza ukwanda okubanzi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo eshishini, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-needle kwi-oyile luye lwenza inkqubela phambili kwiminyaka yakutshanje, lwafezekisa imveliso yemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho izikhewu ezithile kumgangatho kunye nempembelelo yokusetyenziswa xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezingeniswayo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa imeko yangoku yophuhliso lwemarike kunye nobunzima bobuchwephesha kwinkqubo ye-petroleum.
Ii. Intshayelelo kunye nohlalutyo lokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-petroleum needle coke
(1) Uhlalutyo lwemeko yophuhliso lwangoku lwe-petroleum needle coke ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
Ubuchwepheshe be-petroleum needle coke baqala eMelika ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Kodwa ilizwe lethu livuliwe ngokusesikweni.
Uphando ngetekhnoloji kunye nokuveliswa kwe-petroleum needling coke lwaqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980. Phantsi kwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe wophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, amaziko ophando aseTshayina aqala ukwenza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kwi-petroleum needling coke kwaye ahlala ehlola kwaye ephanda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Ukongeza, kwiminyaka yoo-1990, ilizwe lethu ligqibe uphando oluninzi lovavanyo malunga nokulungiswa kwenkqubo yepetroleum egxile kwinaliti, kwaye lafaka isicelo setekhnoloji efanelekileyo yepatenti. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe efanelekileyo, uninzi lwee-Academy of Sciences zasekhaya kunye namashishini anxulumene noko atyale imali kuphando nophuhliso kwaye akhuthaza uphuhliso lwemveliso kunye nokuveliswa ngaphakathi kushishino. Inqanaba lophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-petroleum needle-coke nalo lihlala liphucuka. Isizathu esiphambili sale meko kukuba kukho imfuno enkulu yasekhaya ye-petroleum needle-coke. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwasekhaya kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa akunakuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike, inxalenye enkulu yemarike yasekhaya ihlalwa ziimveliso ezingenisiweyo. Ngenxa yemeko yophuhliso lwangoku, nangona ingqwalasela yangoku kunye nengqwalasela yophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nemveliso yetekhnoloji egxile kwinaliti yepetroliyam isanda, ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lophando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, kukho ubunzima obuthile obenza uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji olufanelekileyo lube yimiqobo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwelizwe lethu namazwe aphuhlileyo.
(2) Uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha lwezicelo zamashishini e-petroleum needle coke asekhaya
Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lomgangatho wemveliso yasekhaya neyangaphandle kunye nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa, kunokubonwa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwazo kumgangatho we-petroleum needle coke ubangelwa kakhulu ngumahluko kwiindidi ezimbini ze-thermal expansion coefficient kunye nokusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle, okubonisa umahluko kumgangatho wemveliso [1]. Lo msantsa womgangatho ubangelwa kakhulu bubunzima bemveliso kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Idityaniswe nenkqubo ethile yemveliso kunye nomxholo wendlela ye-petroleum needle coke, iteknoloji yayo ephambili yemveliso ikakhulu yeyomgangatho wonyango lwangaphambi konyango lwezinto ezikrwada. Okwangoku, yiShanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., iSinosteel (Anshan) kunye neJinzhou Petrochemical kuphela eziye zafezekisa imveliso enkulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo yemveliso kunye nemveliso ye-petroleum needle coke yeJinzhou Petrochemical Company ekhulileyo, amandla okucubungula esi sixhobo aphuculwa rhoqo, kwaye iimveliso ezinxulumeneyo eziveliswayo zinokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphakathi neliphezulu kwimarike, elinokusetyenziselwa ii-electrodes zokwenza intsimbi enamandla aphezulu okanye aphezulu kakhulu.
Iii. Uhlalutyo lwemarike ye-coke yenaliti yepetroliyam yasekhaya
(1) Ngokukhawuleziswa kophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, imfuno ye-needle coke iyanda imihla ngemihla
Ilizwe lethu lelona lizwe likhulu elivelisa imveliso yemizi-mveliso ehlabathini, eligqitywa ikakhulu yindlela esakhiwe ngayo imboni yethu.
Imveliso yentsimbi nentsimbi nayo yenye yezona shishini zibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loqoqosho lwethu. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, imfuno yokuthunga iyanda yonke imihla. Kodwa okwangoku, uphando lwethu lobuchwephesha kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso kunye namandla emveliso awahambelani nemfuno yemarike. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba zimbalwa iinkampani ezigxile kwi-petroleum needle ezinokuthi zivelise imigangatho yomgangatho, kwaye amandla emveliso awazinzile. Nangona uphando lobuchwepheshe olufanelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso uhambela phambili okwangoku, kodwa ufuna ukuhlangabezana ne-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu okanye aphezulu kwaye kukho umsantsa omkhulu, okhokelela kwimiqobo kulawulo lomgangatho weemveliso ezigxile kwi-petroleum needle. Okwangoku, imakethi ye-coke yokulinganisa inaliti yahlulwe kwi-coke ye-petroleum needle kunye ne-coke ye-coke ye-needle. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-coke ye-petroleum needle measurement iphantsi kancinci kune-coke ye-needle measurement yamalahle nokuba kubungakanani bophuhliso lweprojekthi okanye kwinqanaba lophuhliso, elikwayenye yezizathu eziphambili zokuthintela ukwanda okusebenzayo kwe-coke ye-petroleum needle measurement yamaTshayina. Kodwa kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenqanaba lobuchwepheshe bemveliso yesinyithi, imveliso yentsimbi kunye nemfuno yokuvelisa ye-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu iyanda. Oku kukwagxininisa ukuba ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenqanaba lethu lophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwenkqubo yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, imfuno ye-needle coke iya kuba nkulu ngakumbi nangakumbi.
(2) Uhlalutyo lwexabiso elihambayo lemarike ye-needle coke
Ngokwenqanaba langoku lophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso kunye nomxholo wemizi-mveliso welizwe lethu, kufunyaniswe ukuba uthotho lwe-petroleum lwe-needle-measure coking lufanelekile ngakumbi kwilizwe lethu kune-coal series ye-needle-measure coking, eya kwenza imeko yasekhaya ibe mandundu yokungalingani phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno ye-needle-measure coking, ukuze kusonjululwe imeko yokungalingani phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno yenkqubo ye-petroleum, sinokuthembela kuphela ekungenisweni kwempahla. Ukusuka kuhlalutyo lweempawu zokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso eemveliso ezingenisiweyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunokubonwa ukuba ixabiso leemveliso ze-petroleum needle coke ezingenisiweyo liye landa ukusukela ngo-2014. Ke ngoko, kushishino lwasekhaya, ngokunyuka komsantsa wokunikezelwa kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okungeniswa, i-petroleum needle coke iya kuba yindawo entsha yotyalo-mali kwishishini le-needle coke laseTshayina [2].
Okwesine, uphando lwethu olujolise kwinaliti yeoyile kunye nohlalutyo lobunzima bophuhliso kunye nobuchwepheshe bemveliso
(1) Uhlalutyo lobunzima bonyango lwangaphambi kokuvunywa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Ngokuhlalutya yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa nokuvelisa i-petroleum needle-coke, kunokubonwa ukuba, ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, i-petroleum yeyona nto iphambili, ngenxa yobuchule bezixhobo ze-petroleum, i-oyile ekrwada kufuneka imbiwe phantsi komhlaba, kwaye i-oyile ekrwada ye-petroleum kwilizwe lethu iya kusebenzisa ii-catalysts ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokwemba nokucubungula, ukuze kubekho ukungcola okuthile kwiimveliso ze-petroleum. Le ndlela yonyango lwangaphambi kokulungiswa iya kuzisa iziphumo ezimbi kwimveliso ye-petroleum needle coke. Ukongeza, ukwakheka kwe-petroleum ngokwayo ikakhulu yi-aliphatic hydrocarbon, umxholo we-aromatic hydrocarbon uphantsi, okubangelwa ziimpawu zezixhobo ze-petroleum ezikhoyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuveliswa kwe-petroleum needle coke ekumgangatho ophezulu kuneemfuno ezingqongqo zezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu womxholo we-aromatic hydrocarbon, kwaye ikhetha i-sulfur ephantsi, i-oxygen, i-asphaltene kunye nezinye i-petroleum njengezinto eziluhlaza, nto leyo efuna ukuba i-mass fraction ye-sulfur ingaphantsi kwe-0.3%, kwaye i-mass fraction ye-asphaltene ingaphantsi kwe-1.0%. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe ekufumaneni nasekuhlalutyeni ukwakheka kokuqala, kufunyaniswe ukuba uninzi lweoyile ekrwada ecutshungulwayo kwilizwe lethu yeyeoyile ekrwada enesalfure eninzi, kwaye ukungabikho kweoyile efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-needle coke enomxholo ophezulu we-hydrocarbon enuka kamnandi. Kunzima kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe ukususa ukungcola kwioyile. Okwangoku, iJinzhou Petrochemical, ekhulileyo kwiR&D nakwiMveliso ngoku, ifuna izinto ezikrwada ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa i-needle-oriented coke kwinkqubo yokuvelisa nokucutshungulwa kwe-petroleum needle-oriented coke. Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezikrwada kunye nokungazinzi komgangatho zezinye zezinto eziphambili ezithintela uzinzo lomgangatho we-needle-oriented coke [3]. IShandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. iyile kwaye yamkela unyango lwangaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada zeyunithi yokuvelisa i-petroleum needle coke.
Kwangaxeshanye, kwasetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa izinto eziqinileyo. Ukongeza ekukhetheni ioyile enzima efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-needle coke, izinto ezinobungozi kwizixhobo ezikrwada zazisuswa ngaphambi kokuba zicolwe.
(2) Uhlalutyo lobunzima bobuchwephesha kwinkqubo yokucola ebambezelekileyo ye-petroleum needle coke
Ukusebenza kwe-needle coke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kwaye kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zokulawula utshintsho lobushushu bendalo kunye noxinzelelo lokusebenza kwinkqubo ethile yokucubungula. Yenye yeengxaki kwinkqubo ye-coking yemveliso ye-needle coke nokuba uxinzelelo, ixesha kunye nobushushu be-coke zinokulawulwa ngokwesayensi nangokwengqiqo, ukuze ixesha lokuphendula lihlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni. Kwangaxeshanye, ukulungiswa okungcono kunye nokulungiswa kweeparamitha zenkqubo ye-coking kunye nemigangatho ethile yokusebenza nako kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculweni nasekuphuculweni komgangatho wemveliso ye-needle coke yonke.
Injongo ephambili yokusebenzisa isithando sokufudumala xa kusenziwa utshintsho lobushushu kukwenza umsebenzi oqhelekileyo ngokuhambelana nomgangatho kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-needle coke ukuze ubushushu obujikeleze umhlaba bufikelele kwiiparameter ezifunekayo. Enyanisweni, inkqubo yokutshintsha kobushushu kukukhuthaza impendulo ye-coking ingenziwa kwindawo enobushushu obucothayo nobuphantsi ngelixa ilibazisa impendulo ye-coking, ukuze kufezekiswe ukufuma kwe-aromatic, kuqinisekiswe ulungelelwaniso lwee-molecules, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinokujoliswa kwaye ziqine phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo, kwaye kukhuthazwe uzinzo lwemeko. Isithando sokufudumala sisenzo esibalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa i-petroleum needle coke, kwaye kukho iimfuno ezithile kunye nemigangatho yeeparameter ezithile zoluhlu lobushushu, ezingenakuba ngaphantsi komda ophantsi we-476℃ kwaye ezingenakudlula umda ophezulu we-500℃. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isithando sobushushu esiguquguqukayo sisixhobo esikhulu kunye nezixhobo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kufana komgangatho wenqaba nganye ye-needle coke: inqaba nganye kwinkqubo yokondla, ngenxa yobushushu, uxinzelelo, isantya somoya kunye nezinye izinto ziyatshintshwa, ngoko ke inqaba ye-coke emva kwe-coke ayilingani, ikumgangatho ophakathi nophantsi. Indlela yokusombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki yokufana komgangatho we-needle coke ikwayenye yeengxaki ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekuvelisweni kwe-needle coke.
5. Uhlalutyo lwendlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwe-petroleum needle coke
(a) Ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho we-needle coke yenkqubo yepetroliyam yasekhaya
Itekhnoloji kunye nemarike yokugxila kwinaliti ilawulwa yi-United States neJapan. Okwangoku, kwimveliso yokwenyani ye-needle coke eTshayina, kusekho iingxaki ezithile, ezinje ngomgangatho ongaguqukiyo, amandla aphantsi e-coke kunye ne-powder coke eninzi. Nangona i-needle coke evelisiweyo isetyenzisiwe ekuveliseni ii-electrode ze-graphite ezinamandla aphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu ngobuninzi, ayinakusetyenziswa ekuveliseni ii-electrode ze-graphite ezinamandla amakhulu ngobuninzi obukhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando lwethu kunye nophuhliso lwe-needle focus aluzange luyeke, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso uya kuqhubeka uphucuka. I-Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., i-Sinosteel Coal measure needle coke, i-Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Iiyunithi ze-needle coke zochungechunge lweoyile zifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-40,000-50,000 ngonyaka, kwaye zinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo, ziphucula umgangatho rhoqo.
(2) Imfuno yasekhaya ye-petroleum needle coke iyaqhubeka nokukhula
Uphuhliso lweshishini lesinyithi nentsimbi lufuna inani elikhulu lee-electrode zamandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nee-electrode zamandla aphezulu. Kule meko, imfuno ye-needle coke yemveliso ye-electrode yamandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nee-electrode zamandla aphezulu ikhula ngokukhawuleza, iqikelelwa malunga neetoni ezingama-250,000 ngonyaka. Imveliso yentsimbi ye-furnace yombane eTshayina ingaphantsi kwe-10%, kwaye umndilili wehlabathi wemveliso yentsimbi ye-furnace yombane ufikelele kwi-30%. Inkunkuma yethu yentsimbi ifikelele kwi-160 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngokwemeko yangoku kwixesha elide, uphuhliso lwentsimbi ye-furnace yombane alunakuphepheka, ukunqongophala kobonelelo lwe-needle coke kuya kuphepheka. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okwandisa umthombo wezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuphucula indlela yokuvelisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso.
(3) Ukwanda kwemfuno yemarike kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwenqanaba lobuchwepheshe be-R&D basekhaya
Umahluko kumgangatho kunye nokwanda kwemfuno ye-needle-scorch kufuna ukukhawuleziswa kophuhliso lwe-needle-scorch. Ngexesha lokuphuhliswa nokuveliswa kwe-needle-scorch, abaphandi baye baqonda ngakumbi ubunzima ekuvelisweni kwe-needle-scorch, ukwandisa imizamo yophando, kunye nokwakha amaziko amancinci kunye novavanyo lovavanyo ukuze bafumane idatha yovavanyo ukukhokela imveliso. Itekhnoloji yokucubungula i-needle coke ihlala iphuculwa ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo. Ngokwembono yezinto eziluhlaza kunye neendlela zokwenza, ukunqongophala kweoyile yehlabathi kunye nokwanda komxholo wesulfure kuthintela uphuhliso lwe-needle coke yenkqubo yeoyile. Indawo entsha yokuvelisa izinto eziluhlaza ngaphambi konyango lwemizi-mveliso ye-oyile series needle coke yakhiwe kwaye yaqaliswa ukusebenza eShandong Yida New Material Co., LTD., kwaye izinto eziluhlaza ezilungileyo ze-oyile series needle coke zenziwe, eziya kuphucula ngempumelelo umgangatho kunye nemveliso ye-oyile series needle coke.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-07-2022