I-coke ye-petroleum ene-calcium eninzi (ene-calcium okanye engena-calcium) kufuneka ilawulwe ubushushu bayo ngaphambi kokuba ilayishwe kuba ihlelwa njenge-Group B solid bulk cargo phantsi kwe-IMSBC Code enengozi yokuzifudumeza ngokwayo kunye nokutsha okuzenzekelayo. Ubushushu obungalawulwayo bunokubangela umlilo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukuqhuma, yiyo loo nto iKhowudi ibeka "imigca ebomvu" ecacileyo yobushushu bokulayisha.
1. Umngcipheko Oyintloko: Ukuzifudumeza → Ukutsha Okuzenzekelayo → Umlilo
Nangona i-coke ene-calcined iye yacutshungulwa kwi-1,200–1,350°C kwaye ine-volatible matter ephantsi kakhulu, i-coke ye-petroleum engena-calcined okanye engaphelelanga i-calcined isagcina inani elincinci le-volatibles ezinokutsha kunye ne-reactive sulfur. Kwimeko ye-piled, ezi zinto zenza i-oxidation reactions ecothayo kunye ne-oxygen yomoya. Ukuba ubushushu obuveliswayo abunakuphela ngexesha, buhlala buqokelelana ngaphakathi kwi-cargo pile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu buqhubeke bunyuka - oku kukuzifudumeza. Nje ukuba ubushushu budlule kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo, kuvela ukutsha okuzenzekelayo.
Ukuzifudumeza ngokwakho kuzisa neentlekele ezimbini zesibini: okokuqala, kudla ioksijini kwindawo yokugcina impahla kwaye kukhupha iigesi ezinobuthi ezifana nekhabhoni monoxide, nto leyo ebeka ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi esichengeni; okwesibini, kuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zeegesi ezirhabaxa ezifana nesulfur dioxide, nto leyo eyonakalisa isakhiwo senqanawa.
2. Iimfuneko zoLawulo loBushushu phantsi kweKhowudi ye-IMSBC (Imithetho eSinyanzelo)
Ngokutsho kweIkhowudi yeMithwalo yeMizimba yoLwandle yaMazwe ngaMazwe(Ikhowudi ye-IMSBC) kunye neemfuno zokuphunyezwa kwe-ChinaImigaqo yoKhuseleko lokuLawulwa kunye noLawulo lweMithwalo eQhelekileyo eLwandle, ulawulo lobushushu lwe-bulk petroleum coke lunemithetho elandelayo eqinileyo nekhawulezayo:
1) Umda ophezulu wobushushu bokulayisha: akufuneki udlule kwi-107°C
IKhowudi icacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba: ukuba ubushushu bomthwalo budlula i-107°C, abuyi kulayishwa. Lo ngumgca obomvu ngokupheleleyo ongenakwaphulwa phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko.
2) Isalathiso sobushushu bokulayisha: kungabi ngaphezu “kobushushu obuphakathi + 10°C” okanye 55°C (nokuba yeyiphi na ephantsi)
Ukulayisha kuvunyelwe kuphela xa ubushushu bomthwalo bungekho phezulu kunobushushu obujikelezileyo kunye ne-10°C, okanye bungadluli kwi-55°C — nokuba yeyiphi na ixabiso eliphantsi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngamaxesha ashushu (umz., ehlotyeni xa ubushushu bomthwalo bunokudlula kwi-50°C), ubushushu bomthwalo kufuneka buncitshiswe nangakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ulayishe.
3) Iimfuneko zokulayisha ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwimithwalo enobushushu obuphezulu
Xa ulayisha imithwalo kwi-55°C okanye ngaphezulu ngobunzulu bomthwalo obungaphezulu kwe-1.0 meter, umaleko wezinto ezibandayo obubanzi obuyi-0.6–1.0 meter ongadluli kwi-44°C kufuneka uqale ubekelwe “njenge-insulation pad” ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezishushu zilayishwe phezulu. Oku kuthintela ubushushu obuvela kwinqwaba yempahla eshushu ukuba bungahambi phezulu buze butshise iindawo ezikufutshane okanye buchaphazele isakhiwo senqanawa.
4) Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokulayisha iitanki zeoyile yepetroli ezingaphezulu
Ukuba indawo yokugcina impahla ingaphezulu ngokuthe ngqo kwitanki yempahla engamanzi equlethe ioyile yepetroli ene-flash point engaphantsi kwama-93°C, kufuneka kufakwe umaleko obandayo ubuncinane obuyi-0.6 yeemitha ubukhulu kwaye ungadluli kuma-44°C ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe nayiphi na i-hot coke engaphezulu kwama-55°C phezulu. Injongo kukuthintela ubushushu ukuba bungadluli kwi-bulkhead yetanki kwaye buvuthe umphunga wetanki yepetroli.
5) Inkosi kufuneka ibeke imiqondiso ethi “Isilumkiso sobushushu obuphezulu” kufutshane neendawo zokuthwala impahla
Le yimfuneko enyanzelekileyo, eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka bayazi ngoko nangoko ukuba igumbi linomngcipheko wobushushu obuphezulu.
3. Kutheni "Ukulawula Ubushushu" Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kunezinye Iindlela
Xa sijonga iimeko zeengozi zokwenyani, uninzi lweziganeko zaselwandle ze-petroleum coke azibangelwa ziingxaki ezivela ngexesha lohambo - ingozi sele ifakiwe ngexesha lokulayisha. Ukuba iinqwaba zemithwalo zichatshazelwa lilanga elinamandla kwisikhululo ixesha elide, amaqondo obushushu angaphakathi anokunyuka ngokulula aye kuma-80–100°C okanye ngaphezulu. Nje ukuba ilayishwe kuloo maqondo obushushu, ngaphandle komoya owaneleyo ngexesha lohambo kunye nobushushu obungenakukwazi ukunyamalala, umthwalo ungadlula kwindawo yokutsha kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.
Ngoko ke, ukulawula ubushushu bomthwalo yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunqanda ukusabela kwetyathanga lokuzifudumeza elivela kumthombo. Ingqiqo yeKhowudi icacile: endaweni yokuzama ukupholisa umoya, ukuvala indawo yokubamba, nokuthumela abantu kwizixhobo zokuphefumla ukuba balwe nomlilo elwandle (ngeendleko ezinkulu kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu), kungcono kakhulu ukucima ubushushu obungaphantsi komgca wokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba umthwalo ungene enqanaweni.
4. Isishwankathelo sesivakalisi esinye
I-coke ye-petroleum ene-calcium eninzi ifuna ulawulo lobushushu bomthwalo ngaphambi kokuba ilayishe kuba ineempawu zokuzifudumeza nokuzitshisa ngokwazo; iKhowudi ye-IMSBC imisela umgca opheleleyo we-107°C ongenamthwalo, imeko yokulayisha ye-55°C / ambient+10°C, kunye nokufakwa kwe-insulation okunyanzelekileyo kwimithwalo yobushushu obuphezulu - konke kwenzelwe ukuphelisa imililo yokubamba imithwalo, iigesi ezinobuthi, kunye neentlekele zokuphelelwa yioksijini ukusuka kwinqanaba lokulayisha.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-14-2026