[I-Needle Coke] Uhlalutyo lokubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye neempawu zophuhliso lwe-needle coke eTshayina
I. Umthamo wemarike ye-needle coke yaseTshayina
Ngowama-2016, amandla emveliso yehlabathi ye-needle coke yayiziitoni ezili-1.07 zeerandi ngonyaka, kwaye amandla emveliso yaseTshayina ye-needle coke yayiziitoni ezingama-350,000 ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza i-32.71% yamandla emveliso yehlabathi. Ngowama-2021, amandla emveliso yehlabathi ye-needle coke anyuke aya kwi-3.36 zeerandi zeerandi ngonyaka, phakathi kwawo amandla emveliso yaseTshayina ye-needle coke yayiziitoni ezili-2.29 zeerandi ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza i-68.15% yamandla emveliso yehlabathi. Amashishini emveliso yaseTshayina ye-needle coke anyuke aya kwi-22. Amandla emveliso iyonke yamashishini e-needle coke asekhaya anyuke ngama-554.29% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2016, ngelixa amandla emveliso ye-needle coke yangaphandle ayezinzile. Ngowama-2022, amandla okuvelisa i-needle coke eTshayina anyuke aya kwi-2.72 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda okuphindwe malunga ne-7.7, kwaye inani labavelisi be-needle coke baseTshayina linyuke laya kwi-27, nto leyo ebonisa uphuhliso olukhulu lweli shishini, kwaye xa sijonga ihlabathi liphela, inani le-needle coke yaseTshayina kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe liye landa minyaka le.
1. Umthamo wemveliso yeoyile ye-needle coke
Umthamo wemveliso ye-oil-series needle coke waqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngo-2019. Ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019, imakethi yaseTshayina ye-oil-series needle coke yayilawulwa ziindlela zokulinganisa amalahle, ngelixa uphuhliso lwe-oil-series needle coke lwalucotha. Uninzi lwamashishini akhoyo asele eqalisiwe afakwa kwimveliso emva ko-2018, kwaye umthamo wemveliso ye-oil-series needle coke eTshayina ufikelele kwi-1.59 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2022. Imveliso iqhubeke isanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2019, imakethi ye-graphite electrode esezantsi yehla kakhulu, kwaye imfuno ye-needle coke yayibuthathaka. Ngo-2022, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane we-COVID-19 kunye ne-Winter Olympics kunye neminye imicimbi kawonke-wonke, imfuno iye yancipha, ngelixa iindleko ziphezulu, amashishini awanamdla kangako wokuvelisa, kwaye ukukhula kwemveliso kuyacotha.
2. Umthamo wemveliso ye-needle coke yokulinganisa amalahle
Umthamo wemveliso ye-needle coke yokulinganisa amalahle uyaqhubeka nokukhula unyaka nonyaka, ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-350,000 ngo-2017 ukuya kwiitoni ezi-1.2 yezigidi ngo-2022. Ukususela ngo-2020, isabelo semarike ye-coal measure siyancipha, kwaye i-oil series needle coke iba yinto ephambili ye-needle coke. Ngokuphathelele imveliso, igcine ukukhula ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019. Ukususela ngo-2020, kwelinye icala, iindleko beziphezulu kwaye inzuzo yaguqulwa. Kwelinye icala, imfuno ye-graphite electrode yayingalunganga.
Ⅱ. Uhlalutyo lwemfuno ye-needle Coke eTshayina
1. Uhlalutyo lwemarike yezinto ze-lithium anode
Ukususela kwimveliso yezinto ezimbi, imveliso yonyaka yezinto ezimbi zaseTshayina inyuke ngokuthe chu ukusuka ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2019. Ngo-2020, xa ichaphazeleka kukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwemarike yesiphelo esisezantsi, ukuqala kwebhetri yamandla kuqala ukunyuka, imfuno yemarike iyanda kakhulu, kwaye imiyalelo yamashishini ezinto ze-electrode ezimbi iyanda, kwaye ukuqala kweshishini ngokubanzi kuyanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye kugcina isantya esiphezulu. Ngo-2021-2022, imveliso yaseTshayina yezinto ze-lithium cathode ibonise ukukhula okukhulu, ixhamla kuphuculo oluqhubekayo lwemeko yeshishini yamashishini asezantsi, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemarike yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa, amandla amancinci kunye nezinye iimarike nazo zibonise ukukhula okuhlukeneyo, kwaye amashishini amakhulu ezinto ze-cathode agcina imveliso epheleleyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso yezinto ze-electrode ezimbi kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2022, kwaye imveliso ikwimeko yokungabikho kombane, kwaye amathuba okusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-electrode ezimbi abanzi.
I-Needle coke lishishini eliphambili lebhetri ye-lithium kunye nezinto ze-anode, elinxulumene kakhulu nophuhliso lwemarike yebhetri ye-lithium kunye nezinto ze-cathode. Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium ziquka ikakhulu ibhetri yamandla, ibhetri yabathengi kunye nebhetri yokugcina amandla. Ngo-2021, iibhetri zamandla ziya kubalelwa kwi-68%, iibhetri zabathengi zibe yi-22%, kunye neebhetri zokugcina amandla zibe yi-10% yesakhiwo semveliso yebhetri ye-lithium ion yaseTshayina.
Ibhetri yamandla yeyona nto iphambili kwiimoto ezintsha zamandla. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo othi “incopho yekhabhoni, i-carbon neutral”, ishishini lezithuthi ezintsha zamandla laseTshayina lizise ithuba elitsha lembali. Ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kwihlabathi liphela kufikelele kwi-6.5 yezigidi, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kweebhetri zamandla kufikelele kwi-317GWh, kunyuke nge-100.63% ngonyaka. Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezintsha zaseTshayina kufikelele kwi-3.52 yezigidi zeeyunithi, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kweebhetri zamandla kufikelele kwi-226GWh, kunyuke nge-182.50 yeepesenti ngonyaka. Kulindeleke ukuba ukuthunyelwa kweebhetri zamandla kwihlabathi liphela kufikelele kwi-1,550GWh ngo-2025 kunye ne-3,000GWh ngo-2030. Imakethi yaseTshayina iya kugcina isikhundla sayo njengemakethi enkulu yebhetri yamandla kwihlabathi enesabelo semakethi esizinzileyo esingaphezulu kwe-50%.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-21-2022