1. Isigaba sokufudumala kwangaphambili sobushushu obuphantsi (ubushushu begumbi ukuya kwi-350℃)
Xa ubushushu bokwenyani bomzimba oluhlaza bufikelela kwi-100 ukuya kwi-230 degrees Celsius, umzimba oluhlaza uqala ukuthamba, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyakhululeka, umthamo uyakhula kancinci, kodwa akukho nto ingako iguquguqukayo ikhutshwayo, kwaye umzimba oluhlaza ukwinqanaba leplastiki. Kweli nqanaba, umsebenzi ophambili kukufudumala kwangaphambili i-carbon billet. Ngenxa yomahluko obushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-billet eluhlaza, ezinye zezixhobo zokukhanya ze-asphalt ziyahamba kwaye ziyasasazeka kwaye zihambe. Njengoko ubushushu buqhubeka bunyuka ukuya kwi-230-400℃, izinga lokubola kwe-asphalt lihamba ngokukhawuleza. Ingakumbi ngaphakathi kobubanzi bobushushu be-350-400℃, i-asphalt iyabola ngamandla kwaye inani elikhulu le-volatile matter liyakhutshwa. Kweli nqanaba, izinga lokufudumeza kufuneka lilawulwe ukuthintela ukunyuka kobushushu ngequbuliso ekubangeleni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukuphepha ukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-volatile matter enokubangela iintanda kwi-carbon billet.
2. Inqanaba lokucola eliphakathi lobushushu (350℃ ukuya ku-800℃)
Xa ubushushu bokwenyani bokufudumeza komzimba oluhlaza bunyuka bufikelela kwi-400-550℃, izinga lokubola kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-asphalt liyehla, lingena kwinqanaba elilawulwa yi-polycondensation reaction. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-asphalt idlula kwi-thermal decomposition kunye ne-polycondensation ukuze yenze i-semi-coke. Kule ndawo, ubungakanani be-volatile matter ekhutshwayo buyancipha, kwaye umthamo womzimba oluhlaza uyatshintsha ukusuka ekwandeni ukuya ekuncipheni. Xa ubushushu bokwenyani bokufudumeza komzimba oluhlaza bufikelela kwi-500 ukuya kwi-700℃, i-semi-coke eyenziwe yi-asphalt iguquka ibe yi-binder coke (i-asphalt coke), i-volatile matter ekhutshwa kukubola kwe-asphalt iyancipha ngakumbi, kwaye umzimba oluhlaza we-carbon uyaqhubeka nokuncipha. Kule ndawo, i-asphalt binder iguquke yaba yi-binder coke, kwaye i-thermal conductivity yomzimba oluhlaza we-carbon inyukile. Eli nqanaba libaluleke kakhulu elichaphazela umgangatho wokubhaka. I-binder idlula kwinani elikhulu leempendulo ezintsonkothileyo zokubola, i-polymerization, i-cyclization kunye ne-aromatization. Ukubola kwe-binder kunye nokuphinda kupolimethe iimveliso zokubola kwenzeka ngaxeshanye, kwenze isigaba esiphakathi. Ukukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezizandulelayo. Kwi-400℃, imveliso iqala ukubonisa ukubola, kodwa amandla asephantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukunamathela kwe-asphalt kwehla. Kwi-500℃, nangona kusekho inani elincinci lezinto eziguquguqukayo, ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwekhabhoni sele lwenziwe. I-semi-coke yenziwa kwi-500 ukuya kwi-550℃, kwaye izinto eziguquguqukayo eziveliswa kukubola kwe-asphalt ngobushushu zikhutshwa ngokusisiseko ngaphambi kwe-600 ukuya kwi-650℃. I-Coke yenziwa kwi-700 ukuya kwi-750℃. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokubola kwe-asphalt kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali zeemveliso, ubushushu kufuneka buphakanyiswe ngokulinganayo nangokucothayo kweli nqanaba. Ukongeza, ngeli nqanaba, inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo liyakhutshwa, lizalisa igumbi lonke lesithando. Ezi gesi ziyabola phezu komphezulu weemveliso ezishushu, zivelise ikhabhoni eqinileyo egcina iimbobo kunye nomphezulu weemveliso, inyusa isivuno se-coke kwaye ivale iimbobo zeemveliso, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla azo. Eyona nto iphambili kwimpendulo kweli nqanaba kukupholimetha kunye nokubola kwamaqela asebenzayo kunye nokwanda kancinci kancinci komxholo we-hydrogen kwigesi ekhutshwayo.
3. Inqanaba lokusila elinobushushu obuphezulu (800℃ ukuya kwi-1200~1350℃)
Xa imveliso ifikelela kuma-700℃, inkqubo yokucola ye-binder igqitywa ngokusisiseko. Ngexesha lesigaba sokusila kobushushu obuphezulu, izinga lokufudumeza linokwandiswa kancinci. Emva kokufikelela kubushushu obuphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ubushushu iiyure ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucola, iimolekyuli ezinkulu ze-aromatic planar ziyakhiwa. Iiathom ezingafaniyo kunye namaqela eeathom zeemolekyuli ze-planar ziyaqhekeka kwaye azibandakanywa. Njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, iimolekyuli ze-planar ziyahlelwa kwakhona. Ngaphezulu kwama-900℃, iiathom ze-hydrogen ezisemaphethelweni ziyaqhekeka kancinci kwaye ziyasuswa. Kwangaxeshanye, i-binder coke iyancipha ngakumbi kwaye ixinene. Ngeli xesha, inkqubo yeekhemikhali iyancipha kancinci kancinci, ukuncipha kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kuncipha kancinci kancinci, ngelixa uxinano lokwenyani, amandla kunye nokuqhuba kombane konke kuyanda.
4. Inqanaba lokuphola
Ngexesha lokupholisa, izinga lokupholisa linokuba likhawuleza kancinci kunezinga lokufudumeza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwemveliso, izinga lokupholisa ngaphakathi kwemveliso lingaphantsi kunelo liphezu komhlaba, ngaloo ndlela kwakheka ii-gradients zobushushu kunye nee-gradients zoxinzelelo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo ukusuka embindini ukuya kumphezulu wemveliso. Ukuba uxinzelelo lobushushu lukhulu kakhulu, luya kubangela ukuncipha okungalinganiyo kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwaye kukhokelele kwiintanda. Ke ngoko, ukupholisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela elawulwayo. Ngexesha lokupholisa, ukupholisa kwe-gradient kuyaphunyezwa. Izinga lokupholisa kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-800℃ alidluli kwi-3℃/h ukuze kuthintelwe iintanda ezibangelwa kukupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ubushushu apho iimveliso ziphuma khona esithandweni kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-80℃. Xa usebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa amanzi ene-atomized, ubushushu bamanzi kufuneka bugcinwe buzinzile kwi-40℃±2℃ ukuthintela umonakalo wokothuka kobushushu.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-11-2025