Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo zibe luhlobo lwe-graphite electrode, uhlobo lwe-carbon block, uhlobo lwe-graphite anode, uhlobo lwe-carbon electrode, uhlobo lwe-paste, uhlobo lwekhabhoni yombane, uhlobo lwefayibha yekhabhoni, uhlobo lwe-graphite ekhethekileyo, uhlobo lwe-graphite heat exchanger, njl. Ii-electrode ze-graphite zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-electrode ze-graphite zamandla aqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuxinano lwangoku oluvumelekileyo. Ii-electrode zamandla aphezulu, ii-electrode zamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Iibhloko zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo zibe ziibhloko zekhabhoni ze-blast furnace, iibhloko zekhabhoni ze-aluminium, iibhloko ze-furnace zombane, njl. Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimveliso zekhabhoni, iimveliso ze-graphite, iifayibha zekhabhoni kunye neefayibha ze-graphite, njl. ngokwendlela enzulu yokucubungula. Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimveliso ze-graphite, iimveliso zekhabhoni, iifayibha zekhabhoni, kunye neemveliso ze-graphite ezikhethekileyo, njl., ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada kunye neenkqubo zemveliso. Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa ngakumbi zibe ziimveliso zomlotha ophezulu kunye neemveliso zomlotha ophantsi (ezinomxholo womlotha ongaphantsi kwe-1%) ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bomlotha ezinawo.
Imigangatho yobugcisa yesizwe kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa ekhutshwe lisebe lezoburhulumente yeemveliso zekhabhoni kwilizwe lethu ihlulwe ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Le ndlela yokwahlulahlula ngokusisiseko ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neenkqubo zemveliso zeemveliso kwaye ikwalungele ukubalwa kwemali. Ke ngoko, indlela yayo yokubala ikwasebenzisa le migangatho yokwahlulahlula. Oku kulandelayo sisingeniso sokwahlulahlula kunye nenkcazo yeemveliso zekhabhoni yi-Anshan Carbon.
1. Iimveliso zekhabhoni kunye negrafayithi
(1) Uhlobo lwe-graphite electrode
Yenziwe kakhulu nge-petroleum coke kunye ne-needle coke njengezinto eziluhlaza, kunye ne-coal tar pitch njenge-binder. Yenziwa nge-calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, graphitization kunye ne-machining. Yi-conductor ekhupha amandla ombane ngendlela ye-electric arc kwisithando sombane ukuze ifudumale kwaye inyibilikise itshaja. Ngokweempawu zayo zomgangatho, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamandla aqhelekileyo, amandla aphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ii-electrode ze-graphite ziquka:
(1) I-electrode yegrafiti yamandla aqhelekileyo. Ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinobunzima bamandla obungaphantsi kwe-17A/cm² zivumelekile ukusetyenziswa, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-oven zombane zamandla aqhelekileyo zokwenza intsimbi, ukunyibilikisa i-silicon, ukunyibilikisa i-phosphorus etyheli, njl.njl.
(2) I-electrode yegrafiti egqunywe yi-anti-oxidation. Ii-electrode zegrafiti ezigqunywe yi-anti-oxidation protective layer kumphezulu zenza i-layer ekhuselayo eqhubayo kwaye imelana ne-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ngexesha lokwenza intsimbi.
(3) I-electrode yegrafiti enamandla aphezulu. Ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinobunzima bangoku obuyi-18 ukuya kwi-25A/cm² zivumelekile ukusetyenziswa, ikakhulu kwii-oven zombane ezinamandla aphezulu zokwenza intsimbi.
(4) I-electrode yegrafiti enamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinobunzima bangoku obungaphezulu kwe-25A/cm² ziyavunyelwa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-oven zombane ze-arc zokwenziwa kwentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu.
(2) Uhlobo lwe-anode ye-Graphite
Yenziwe kakhulu nge-petroleum coke njengezinto eziluhlaza kunye ne-coal tar pitch njenge-binder, kwaye iveliswa nge-calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, impregnation, graphitization kunye ne-machining. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njenge-conductive anode yezixhobo ze-electrolytic kwishishini le-electrochemical. Kubandakanya: (1) Iipleyiti ezahlukeneyo ze-anode kwishishini leekhemikhali. (2) Ii-anode rods ezahlukeneyo
(3) Iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zegrafiti
Yenziwe kakhulu nge-petroleum coke ekumgangatho ophezulu njengezinto eziluhlaza, i-coal tar pitch okanye i-synthetic resin njenge-binder, kwaye iveliswa ngokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuxuba, ukuxova, ukucinezela iithebhulethi, ukutyumza, ukuxova kwakhona, ukubumba, i-multiple calcination, i-multiple impregnation, ukucocwa kunye ne-graphitization, kunye nomatshini wokulungisa. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo e-aerospace, e-elektroniki nakwimizi-mveliso yenyukliya. Ibandakanya i-spectral pure graphite, i-high-purity, i-high-strength, i-high-density kunye ne-pyrolytic graphite, njl.
(4) Isitshintshi sobushushu seGraphite
Imveliso yegrafiti engangenwa ngamanzi yokutshintsha ubushushu yenziwa ngokucubungula igrafiti yokwenziwa ibe yimo efunekayo, emva koko ifunxwe ize inyangwe nge-resin. Sisixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu esicutshungulwa kwigrafiti yokwenziwa engangenwa ngamanzi njengesixhobo esisisiseko kwaye sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leekhemikhali.
Kubandakanya: (1) Umtshintshi wobushushu wohlobo lwe-block-hole; (2) Umtshintshi wobushushu we-radial (3) Umtshintshi wobushushu wefilimu ewayo (4) Umtshintshi wobushushu we-Tubular.(5) Uhlobo lwe-carbon electrode
I-electrode eqhubayo eyenziwe ngokucinezela nangokudubula ngezinto ze-carbonaceous ezifana ne-anthracite kunye ne-metallurgical coke (okanye i-petroleum coke) njengezinto eziluhlaza kunye ne-coal tar pitch njenge-binder, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-graphitization. Ayifanelekanga kwiifeni zombane ezisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa intsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu. Kubandakanya: (1) Ii-electrode ze-Multi-ash (ii-electrode eziveliswe kwi-anthracite, i-metallurgical coke kunye ne-asphalt coke); (2) Ii-electrode ezihlaziyiweyo (ii-electrode eziveliswe kwi-graphite yokwenziwa okanye i-graphite yendalo); (3) Izinti zokumelana ne-carbon (oko kukuthi, izitena ze-carbon lattice) ii-anode ezibhakiweyo kwangaphambili eziveliswe kwi-oyile coke; (4) I-carbon anode (i-anode ebhakiweyo kwangaphambili eveliswe kwi-petroleum coke); (5) Ukurosta ii-electrode ezingenanto.
Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo zibe luhlobo lwe-graphite electrode, uhlobo lwe-carbon block, uhlobo lwe-graphite anode, uhlobo lwe-carbon electrode, uhlobo lwe-paste, uhlobo lwekhabhoni yombane, uhlobo lwefayibha yekhabhoni, uhlobo lwe-graphite ekhethekileyo, uhlobo lwe-graphite heat exchanger, njl. Ii-electrode ze-graphite zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-electrode ze-graphite zamandla aqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuxinano lwangoku oluvumelekileyo. Ii-electrode zamandla aphezulu, ii-electrode zamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Iibhloko zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo zibe ziibhloko zekhabhoni ze-blast furnace, iibhloko zekhabhoni ze-aluminium, iibhloko ze-furnace zombane, njl. Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimveliso zekhabhoni, iimveliso ze-graphite, iifayibha zekhabhoni kunye neefayibha ze-graphite, njl. ngokwendlela enzulu yokucubungula. Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimveliso ze-graphite, iimveliso zekhabhoni, iifayibha zekhabhoni, kunye neemveliso ze-graphite ezikhethekileyo, njl., ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada kunye neenkqubo zemveliso. Iimveliso zekhabhoni zinokwahlulwa ngakumbi zibe ziimveliso zomlotha ophezulu kunye neemveliso zomlotha ophantsi (ezinomxholo womlotha ongaphantsi kwe-1%) ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bomlotha ezinawo.
Imigangatho yobugcisa yesizwe kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa ekhutshwe lisebe lezoburhulumente yeemveliso zekhabhoni kwilizwe lethu ihlulwe ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kweemveliso kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Le ndlela yokwahlulahlula ngokusisiseko ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neenkqubo zemveliso zeemveliso kwaye ikwalungele ukubalwa kwemali. Ke ngoko, indlela yayo yokubala ikwasebenzisa lo mgangatho wokwahlulahlula. Oku kulandelayo kwazisa ukwahlulahlula kunye nenkcazo yeemveliso zekhabhoni.
Amashishini aphambili kushishino lwekhabhoni aquka ikakhulu: 1. Amashishini e-Anthracite calcination; 2. Amashishini okucubungula nokuvelisa i-coal tar; 3. Amashishini okuvelisa i-petroleum coke kunye ne-calcination.
Amavili eebhayisekile enziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo eziqiniswe ngezinto kunye neemveliso zegraphene, ezaziwa ngokuba yiQuarno (ezinezixhobo kunye neemveliso zegraphene ngaphakathi), zineentlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo (46, 60 kunye ne-84 mm), eziqulathe izinto kunye neemveliso zegraphene (GNP) ezibonelelwa yiDirecta Plus. Izinto kunye neemveliso zegraphene zibonelela ngeengenelo kumavili anjengokusasazeka kobushushu (ukunciphisa nge-15-30°C) – into ephambili kwiithambeka, ukonyuka kokuqina kwecala (ngaphezulu kwe-50%), kunye nee-burrs ezincitshisiweyo, ingakumbi kufutshane nendawo yevalvu.
Eyona nzuzo iphambili yokongeza izinto eziluhlaza ze-graphene kunye neemveliso kwiisuti ze-ski kukuba ivumela ilaphu ukuba lisebenze njengesihluzo phakathi komzimba womntu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo kumntu onxibe. Ngenxa yokuqhuba kobushushu kwezinto eziluhlaza ze-graphene kunye neemveliso, ubushushu obuveliswa ngumzimba womntu bunokugcinwa kwaye busasazwe ngokulinganayo kwiindawo ezibandayo, kodwa busasazwe kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, kwaye bufikelele kubushushu bomzimba obufanayo kwimisebenzi yezemidlalo. Izinto eziluhlaza ze-graphene kunye neemveliso. Amalaphu aphathwe nawo aneziphumo ze-electrostatic kunye ne-antibacterial. Ukuba i-G+ ibekwe ngaphandle kwempahla, inokunciphisa ukungqubana nomoya namanzi, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwezemidlalo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-20-2025