Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto zekhabhoni yinkqubo yobunjineli elawulwa ngokuqinileyo, ukuveliswa kwe-graphite electrode, izinto zekhabhoni ezikhethekileyo, ikhabhoni ye-aluminium, izinto ezintsha zekhabhoni eziphezulu azinakwahlulwa kukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada, izixhobo, itekhnoloji, ulawulo lwezinto ezine zemveliso kunye netekhnoloji enxulumene nayo.
Izinto ezikrwada zezona zinto ziphambili ezimisela iimpawu ezisisiseko zezinto zekhabhoni, kwaye ukusebenza kwezinto ezikrwada kumisela ukusebenza kwezinto zekhabhoni ezenziweyo. Kwimveliso yee-electrode ze-UHP kunye ne-HP graphite, i-needle coke ekumgangatho ophezulu lukhetho lokuqala, kodwa ikwayi-binder asphalt ekumgangatho ophezulu, i-inpregnating agent asphalt. Kodwa kuphela izinto ezikrwada ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukungabikho kwezixhobo, itekhnoloji, izinto zolawulo kunye netekhnoloji enxulumene noko, nazo azikwazi ukuvelisa i-UHP, i-HP graphite electrode ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Eli nqaku ligxile kwiimpawu ze-needle coke ekumgangatho ophezulu ukuze kuchazwe ezinye izimvo zobuqu, ukuze kuxoxwe ngazo ngabavelisi be-needle coke, abavelisi be-electrode, kunye namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi.
Nangona imveliso ye-needle coke eTshayina isemva kwexesha kuneyamashishini angaphandle, ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye iqalile ukubonakala. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani bemveliso iyonke, ngokusisiseko inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-needle coke zee-electrode ze-UHP kunye ne-HP graphite eziveliswa ngamashishini ekhabhoni asekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho umsantsa othile kumgangatho we-needle coke xa kuthelekiswa namashishini angaphandle. Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwebhetshi kuchaphazela imfuno ye-needle coke esemgangathweni ophezulu kwimveliso ye-electrode enkulu ye-UHP kunye ne-HP graphite, ingakumbi akukho coke ye-needle coke esemgangathweni ophezulu enokwanelisa imveliso ye-graphite electrode joint.
Amashishini ekhabhoni angaphandle avelisa iinkcukacha ezinkulu ze-UHP, i-HP graphite electrode idla ngokuba lukhetho lokuqala lwe-petroleum needle coke esemgangathweni ophezulu njenge-coke ephambili yezinto ezikrwada, amashishini ekhabhoni aseJapan nawo asebenzisa i-coke yeenaliti zamalahle njengezinto ezikrwada, kodwa kuphela kwiinkcukacha ezilandelayo ze-φ 600 mm zemveliso ye-graphite electrode. Okwangoku, i-needle coke eTshayina ikakhulu yi-coke yeenaliti zamalahle. Ukuveliswa kwe-electrode yeenaliti ezinkulu ze-UHP ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngamashishini ekhabhoni kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwi-coke yeenaliti zepetroliyam ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe, ngakumbi ukuveliswa kwe-joint esemgangathweni ophezulu kunye ne-Japanese Suishima oil series needle coke kunye ne-British HSP oil series needle coke njenge-coke yezinto ezikrwada.
Okwangoku, i-needle coke eveliswa ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo idla ngokuthelekiswa ne-index yokusebenza kwezorhwebo ye-needle coke yangaphandle nge-index yokusebenza eqhelekileyo, efana nomxholo wothuthu, uxinano lokwenyani, umxholo wesalfure, umxholo we-nitrogen, usasazo lobungakanani bamasuntswana, i-thermal expansion coefficient njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ukunqongophala kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuhlelwa kwe-needle coke xa kuthelekiswa namazwe angaphandle. Ke ngoko, ukuveliswa kwe-needle coke ngokwesiko nako "kwiimpahla ezidibeneyo", akunakubonisa umgangatho we-needle coke yomgangatho ophezulu.
Ukongeza kuthelekiso lwendlela yokusebenza eqhelekileyo, amashishini ekhabhoni kufuneka aqwalasele indlela ezichazwa ngayo iinaliti ze-coke, njengokuhlelwa kwe-thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), amandla eenxalenye, i-anisotropy degree, idatha yokwandiswa kwimeko engathintelwanga kunye nemeko engathintelwanga, kunye nobubanzi bobushushu phakathi kokwandiswa kunye nokucutheka. Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zobushushu zenaliti ze-coke zibaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwenkqubo ye-graphitization kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-graphite electrode, ewe, impembelelo yeempawu zobushushu ze-asphalt coke ezenziwe emva kokurosta i-binder kunye ne-inpregnating agent asphalt ayikhutshelwanga ngaphandle.
1. Uthelekiso lwe-anisotropy ye-needle coke
Uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo ye-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu luqikelelo lomgangatho we-needle coke okanye ayilondlela ibalulekileyo yohlalutyo, ubungakanani be-anisotropy, ewe, bunempembelelo ethile kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-electrode, inqanaba le-anisotropy yombane liphezulu kakhulu kuneqondo le-anisotropy yamandla aphakathi e-electrode encinci.
Okwangoku, imveliso ye-coke yeenaliti zamalahle eTshayina inkulu kakhulu kuneye-coke yeenaliti zepetroliyam. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nexabiso leenkampani zekhabhoni, kunzima ukusebenzisa i-coke yeenaliti zasekhaya eziyi-100% ekuveliseni i-electrode ye-UHP, ngelixa kufakwa inxalenye ethile ye-coke yepetroliyam ecoliweyo kunye nomgubo we-graphite ukuvelisa i-electrode. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukuvavanya i-anisotropy ye-coke yeenaliti zasekhaya.
2. Iimpawu ezithe tyaba nezinomthamo ze-needle coke
Utshintsho oluthe ngqo nolunevolumu lwe-needle coke lubonakala kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-graphite eveliswa yi-electrode. Ngotshintsho lobushushu, i-needle coke iya kwanda kwaye incipha ngexesha lenkqubo ye-graphite yokufudumeza, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo utshintsho oluthe ngqo nolunevolumu lwe-electrode roasted billet kwinkqubo ye-graphite. Oku akufani nokusetyenziswa kweempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-coke eluhlaza, amazinga ahlukeneyo e-needle coke ayatshintsha. Ngaphezu koko, uluhlu lobushushu lotshintsho oluthe ngqo nolunevolumu lwe-needle coke kunye ne-calcined petroleum coke nalo lwahlukile. Kuphela ngokuqonda olu phawu lwe-coke eluhlaza apho sinokulawula ngcono kwaye siphucule ukuveliswa kolandelelwano lweekhemikhali ze-graphite. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwinkqubo ye-graphitization yochungechunge.
Ukwandiswa komgca kwenzeka kuqala xa i-oil needle coke iqala ukufudumala, kodwa ubushushu ekuqaleni kokuncipha komgca buhlala busilele emva kobushushu obuphezulu be-calcination. Ukusuka kwi-1525℃ ukuya kwi-1725℃, ukwandiswa komgca kuqala, kwaye uluhlu lobushushu lokuncipha komgca wonke luncinci, yi-200℃ kuphela. Uluhlu lobushushu lokuncipha komgca wonke we-oral petroleum coke eqhelekileyo ebambezelekayo lukhulu kakhulu kunolo lwe-needle coke, kwaye i-coal needle coke iphakathi kwezi zimbini, inkulu kancinci kune-oil needle coke. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-Osaka Industrial Technology Test Institute eJapan zibonisa ukuba okukhona ukusebenza kobushushu be-coke kubi, kokukhona uluhlu lobushushu bokuncipha komgca luba lukhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 ~ 600℃ umgca wokuncipha kobushushu, kwaye ukuqala kobushushu bokuncipha komgca buphantsi, kwi-1150 ~ 1200℃ kwaqala ukwenzeka ukuncipha komgca, okukwayimpawu ze-oral petroleum coke eqhelekileyo ebambezelekayo.
Okukhona iipropati zobushushu zingcono kwaye kokukhona i-anisotropy ye-needle coke inkulu, kokukhona uluhlu lobushushu lokucutheka okuthe ngqo luncipha. Ezinye ii-oyile ze-needle coke ezikumgangatho ophezulu zi-100 ~ 150℃ kuphela uluhlu lobushushu lokucutheka okuthe ngqo. Kuluncedo kakhulu kumashishini e-carbon ukukhokela ukuveliswa kwenkqubo ye-graphitization emva kokuqonda iimpawu zokwandiswa okuthe ngqo, ukucutheka kunye nokwandiswa kwakhona kwe-coke yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada, ezinokuphepha ezinye iimveliso zenkunkuma ekumgangatho ongeyomfuneko ezibangelwa kukusebenzisa indlela yamava yendabuko.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-08-2021