Imiba yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekuvelisweni kwee-electrode zegrafiti inokulungiswa ngokucwangcisiweyo ngezi zisombululo zilandelayo ezinemilinganiselo emininzi:
I. Icala lezinto eziluhlaza: Ukwenziwa ngcono kweFomula kunye neeTekhnoloji zoTshintsho
1. Ukutshintshwa kweNeedle Coke kunye nokuphucula iRatio
Ii-electrode ze-graphite ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu zifuna i-needle coke (i-crystallinity ephezulu kunye ne-low thermal expansion coefficient), kodwa imveliso yayo idla amandla amaninzi kune-petroleum coke. Ukulungisa umlinganiselo we-needle coke kwi-petroleum coke (umz., iitoni eziyi-1.1–1.2 ze-needle coke ngetoni yeemveliso ze-electrode ezinamandla aphezulu) kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ezinto eziluhlaza ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza. Umzekelo, ii-electrode ezinkulu ezingama-600mm ubukhulu obukhulu eziphuhliswe eChenzhou zinciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ okuvela kwi-short-process electric arc furnace steelmaking ngaphezulu kwe-70% ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wezinto eziluhlaza olungiselelweyo.
2. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Binder
I-coal tar pitch, esetyenziswa njenge-binder kwaye ibandakanya i-25%–35% yezinto ezikrwada, ishiya intsalela engama-60%–70% kuphela emva kokubhaka. Ukusebenzisa i-modified pitch okanye ukongeza ii-nanofillers kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-binding, kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-binder, kwaye kunciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-volatious ngexesha lokubhaka.
II. Icala leNkqubo: Uphuhliso lokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa
1. Ukwenziwa ngcono kweGraphitization Ukwenziwa ngcono kokusetyenziswa kwamandla
- I-Internal Series Graphitization Furnace: Xa ithelekiswa nee-furnace zemveli zase-Acheson, oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane ngama-20%–30% ngokufudumeza ii-electrode ngokulandelelana ngezinto zokumelana, okunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu.
- Iteknoloji yeGraphitization yoBushushu obuphantsi: Ukuphuhlisa ii-catalysts ezintsha okanye ukuphucula iinkqubo zonyango lobushushu ukuze kuncitshiswe amaqondo obushushu egraphitization ukusuka kwi-2,800°C ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2,600°C, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni nganye nge-500–800 kWh.
- Iinkqubo zokubuyisela ubushushu obungafunekiyo: Ukusebenzisa ubushushu obungafunekiyo besitofu segrafitis ekufudumaleni kwangaphambili kwezinto eziluhlaza okanye ukuvelisa umbane kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu nge-10%–15%.
2. Indawo yeBaking Fuel
Ukutshintsha igesi yendalo yeoyile enzima okanye igesi yamalahle kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle komlilo ngama-20% kwaye kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ nge-15%–20%. Ii-oven zokubhaka ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ezineteknoloji yokufudumeza eneengqimba zinciphisa imijikelo yokubhaka, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli nge-10%–15%.
3. Ukufunxa kunye nokuHlaziya kwakhona kweFiller
Ii-arhente zokufunxa i-pitch eziguquliweyo (iitoni eziyi-0.5–0.8 ngetoni nganye yee-electrodes) zinokunciphisa imijikelo yokufunxa ngeteknoloji yokufunxa i-vacuum. Amanqanaba okurisayikilisha i-coke ye-metallurgical okanye i-quartz sand fillers afikelela kwi-90%, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincedisayo.
III. Icala lezixhobo: Uphuculo olukrelekrele nolukhulu
1. Izithando ezinkulu kunye noLawulo oluZenzekelayo
Ii-oven ezinkulu ze-arc zombane ezinamandla aphezulu (UHP) ezixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokulawula i-impedance kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-furnace kunciphisa amazinga okuphuka kwe-electrode ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2% kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi ngetoni nge-10%–15%. Iinkqubo zokuhambisa umbane ezikrelekrele zilungisa i-arc voltage kunye neencopho zangoku ngokusekwe kumanqanaba entsimbi kunye neenkqubo, ziphepha ukulahleka kwe-reactive oxidation.
2. Ukwakhiwa koMgca weMveliso oQhubekekayo
Imveliso eqhubekayo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ukusuka ekutyumzeni izinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekucubunguleni inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphakathi. Umzekelo, ukufudumeza ngomphunga okanye ngombane kwinkqubo yokuxuba kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni ukusuka kwi-80 kWh ukuya kwi-50 kWh.
IV. Ulwakhiwo lwaMandla: Amandla aluhlaza kunye noLawulo lweKhabhoni
1. Ukwamkelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo
Ukwakha izityalo kwiindawo ezityebileyo kwimithombo yelanga okanye yomoya kunye nokusebenzisa umbane oluhlaza ukwenza i-graphitization (eyenza i-80%–90% yombane opheleleyo wemveliso) kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngetoni nganye ukusuka kwi-4.48 ukuya ngaphantsi kweetoni eziyi-1.5. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zilungelelanisa ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ziphucula ukusetyenziswa kombane oluhlaza.
2. Ukubanjwa, Ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokugcinwa kweKhabhoni (i-CCUS)
Ukubamba i-CO₂ ekhutshwa ngexesha lokubhaka kunye ne-graphitization yokuvelisa i-lithium carbonate okanye amafutha okwenziwa kwenza kube lula ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ikhabhoni.
V. Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neNtsebenziswano yezeShishini
1. Ulawulo lweZakhono kunye nokuHlanganisa iShishini
Ukunciphisa ngokungqongqo amandla amatsha asebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukugxila kushishino (umz., isabelo semarike seFangda Carbon se-17.18%) kusebenzisa uqoqosho oluphezulu ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiyunithi. Ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe nkqo, okufana nokunikezelwa kwe-67.8% ye-calcined coke kunye ne-needle coke yiFangda Carbon, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuthuthwa kwezinto eziluhlaza.
2. Urhwebo lweKhabhoni kunye neMali eLuhlaza
Ukufaka iindleko zekhabhoni kumaxabiso emveliso kukhuthaza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo. Umzekelo, emva kokuba iJapan iqalise uphando oluchasene nokulahla inkunkuma kwii-electrodes zegrafiti zaseTshayina, iifemu zasekhaya ziphucule ubuchwepheshe ukuze zinciphise umthwalo werhafu yekhabhoni. Ukukhupha iibhondi eziluhlaza kuxhasa iindlela zokonga amandla, ezifana nenkampani enye enciphisa umlinganiselo wayo wetyala-kwi-asethi ngokutshintshana kwetyala-kwi-equity kunye nokuxhasa i-R&D yesithando somlilo segrafiti esiphantsi.
VI. Isifundo seTyala: Iziphumo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kwi-Electrodes ze-600mm zaseChenzhou
Indlela yoBugcisa: Ukulungiswa komlinganiselo we-Needle coke + isithando somlilo se-graphitization sochungechunge lwangaphakathi + ukubuyiselwa kobushushu obungafunekiyo.
Uthelekiso lweDatha:
- Ukusetyenziswa kombane: Kuncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-5,500 kWh/ton ukuya kwi-4,200 kWh/ton (↓23.6%).
- Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Kuncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-4.48 yeetoni/itoni ukuya kwi-1.2 yeetoni/itoni (↓73.2%).
- Iindleko: Iindleko zamandla eyunithi zehle nge-18%, nto leyo eyandisa ukhuphiswano lwemarike.
Isiphelo
Ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo, ukutshintsha kwamandla, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo, imveliso ye-graphite electrode inokufikelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla okuphantsi ngama-20%–30% kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngama-50%–70%. Ngokuphumelela kwi-graphitization yobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokwamkelwa kwamandla aluhlaza, eli shishini likulungele ukufikelela kwincopho yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngo-2030 kwaye lifikelele kwi-carbon neutrality ngo-2060.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-06-2025