Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-electrode ze-graphite, imiba yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ingasonjululwa ngamanyathelo apheleleyo, kuquka ukuphucula ukuhamba kwenkqubo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuqinisa ulawulo lwezixhobo, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokonga amandla. Izisombululo ezithile zezi zilandelayo:
I. Ukuphucula iCalcination kunye neenkqubo zokubhaka zezinto eziluhlaza
Ukuphucula Unyango Lwezinto Eziluhlaza
Ngexesha lesigaba se-calcination, ukulawula ubushushu (1,250-1,350°C) kunye nobude bexesha kunciphisa i-volatiles eseleyo, kuphucula uzinzo lobushushu bezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okubhaka okulandelayo. Umzekelo, ukutshintsha ii-pot furniture zemveli ngee-rotary kilns okanye ii-electrical calcination furnitures kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu nge-10%-15%.
Kwinkqubo yokubhaka, ukubhaka okwesibini okanye ukufakelwa okuninzi (umz., ukufakelwa kathathu kunye nokubhaka kane) kuzalisa iimbobo, kunciphisa ukuxinana kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, kwaye kwandisa uxinano olukhulu kunye namandla oomatshini, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emveliso yeyunithi.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokufunxa
Kwinqanaba lokufunxa, ukuphucula uxinzelelo lwe-asphalt injection (1.2-1.5 MPa) kunye nobushushu (180-200°C) kuphucula amazinga okunyuka kobunzima bokufunxa (≥14% kwi-impregnation yokuqala kunye ne-≥9% kwi-second), kunciphisa inani lokubhaka okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
II. Ukuphucula iiTekhnoloji zoNyango lweGraphitization
Ukuphucula Unyango Lobushushu Oluphezulu
Ngexesha lokufakelwa kwegrafiti, ukutshintsha ii-furniture zemveli zase-Acheson ngee-furniture zangaphakathi ezixhunyiwe kubushushu (LWG) kunciphisa ixesha lokusebenzisa amandla (iiyure eziyi-9-15 kwii-furniture ze-LWG xa kuthelekiswa neeyure ezingama-50-80 kwii-furniture zase-Acheson) kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane nge-30%-50%.
Ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu begrafiti (2,300-3,000°C) kuthintela inkunkuma yamandla ekutshiseni kakhulu ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuguqulwa kwezakhiwo zekhabhoni zibe ziikristale zegrafiti ezicwangciswe ngokwemilinganiselo emithathu, nto leyo ephucula ukuhanjiswa kombane.
Ukubuyiselwa kobushushu obusetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa
Ngexesha lokupholisa ama-oven e-graphitization, ubushushu obumdaka buyafunyanwa ukuze kufudunyezwe izinto eziluhlaza okanye kusetyenziswe amanzi ashushu, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ancedisayo. Umzekelo, elinye ishishini ligcine ngaphezulu kwe-500,000 cubic metres yegesi yendalo minyaka le ngenkqubo yokubuyisa ubushushu obumdaka.
III. Ukuqinisa Izixhobo zeMveliso kunye noLawulo lwaMandla
Ukuphucula Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kwezixhobo
Ukukhetha ii-extruders ezisebenzayo kakhulu, ii-screw extruders, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza izinto kunciphisa ilahleko zokungqubana koomatshini; ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuqhuba ii-frequency eziguquguqukayo ukulawula isantya seemoto sihambelana nemithwalo yemveliso kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungasebenzi.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nee-baking kunye ne-graphitization furnaces, kuqinisekisa ukuba umoya awungeni kakuhle kwaye kunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu. Umzekelo, ukuphucula iileya zokwambathisa iziko kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla esitovu esinye nge-8%-12%.
UkuBekwa esweni kunye nokuSebenzisa ngcono amandla
Ukusebenzisa iNkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla (i-EMS) kwenza kube lula ukujonga umbane, igesi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu ngexesha langempela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kuphucula izicwangciso zemveliso ngohlalutyo lwedatha. Umzekelo, ukulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo umthwalo wesitofu sokubhaka ngokusekelwe kwimfuno yeodolo kuthintela iimeko "zobukhulu obukhulu".
Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga okubeka amaxabiso ombane kwintlambo ende kubeka iinkqubo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi (umz., i-graphitization) ngexesha elingekho kwintlambo ukunciphisa iindleko zombane.
IV. Ukukhuthaza iiTekhnoloji ezonga amandla kunye namandla acocekileyo
Isicelo seTekhnoloji yokuQamba amaqondo obushushu aphantsi
Ukutshintsha indlela yendabuko yokwenza umbane ophantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngeteknoloji yoxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye oluyi-isostatic kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza. Umzekelo, elinye ishishini linciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngetoni nganye ye-electrode eyenziwe nge-20% ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokwenza umbane ophantsi.
Ukutshintshwa kwamandla acocekileyo
Ukungenisa kancinci kancinci igesi yendalo kunye namafutha ebhayomass endaweni yamalahle kwiinkqubo ze-calcination kunye nokubhaka kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye neendleko zamandla. Amanye amashishini afikelele kwi-60% yokusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo, enciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ ngonyaka ngaphezulu kweetoni ezili-10,000.
Ukuveliswa koMbane woBushushu obuNkunkuma kunye nokuThengwa koMbane oLuhlaza
Ukusebenzisa ubushushu obumdaka obuvela kwii-graphitization furniture ukuvelisa umbane kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zombane ezingaphelelanga; ukufumana umbane oluhlaza (umz., amandla omoya okanye elanga) kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili kwaye kuvumela imveliso engaphantsi kwekhabhoni.
V. Ukuphumeza uLawulo lokonga umbane oluSebenza ngokupheleleyo
Ukuphuculwa kweSicwangciso seMveliso
Ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezifanayo (umz., ukufunxwa okuphakathi kunye nokubhaka) kunciphisa imijikelo yokuqalisa nokuyeka izixhobo kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okulinda. Umzekelo, elinye ishishini longa ngaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi kWh zombane ngonyaka ngokuphucula ucwangciso lwemveliso.
Uqeqesho Lokonga Amandla Kwabasebenzi
Ukuqhuba uqeqesho lokusebenza ngokonga umbane rhoqo kuphucula ulwazi lwabasebenzi. Umzekelo, ukwenza iinkqubo zokuqalisa/ukuvala izixhobo zibe semgangathweni kunye nokwenza ngcono iindlela zokuphatha izixhobo kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-5%-8%.
Iingxelo zeTyala
- Ishishini Elikhulu Le-Graphite Electrode: Ngokuphucula ukuya kwii-LWG graphitization furnaces, ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-EMS, kunye nokutshintsha amalahle ngegesi yendalo, eli shishini linciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okupheleleyo ngama-35%, lanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yemveliso yeyunithi ngama-40%, kwaye longa ngaphezulu kwe-$7 yezigidi kwiindleko zonyaka.
- Iindlela Zokulinganisa Ushishino: Amanye amashishini afikelele kwimveliso ye-"near-zero carbon" ngokusebenzisa ukubuyiswa kobushushu obumdaka kunye neemodeli zokuthengwa kombane oluhlaza, ngokuvumelana neendlela zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-11-2025