Uhlalutyo lweSicelo kunye neeNzuzo zeGraphitized Petroleum Coke kwiShishini leAluminium Electrolysis
I. Ukusetyenziswa kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke kwiibhloko zeCathode kunye neAnode Paste
1. Imveliso yeebhloko zeCathode
I-graphitized petroleum coke yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza iibhloko zekhabhoni ze-cathode ezinemifanekiso. Emva konyango lwe-graphitization oluphezulu malunga ne-3000°C, ubumsulwa bayo bekhabhoni budlula i-98%, kwaye uxinano lokwenyani luyanda kakhulu, lwenza isakhiwo sekristale ye-graphite esicwangcisiweyo kakhulu. Esi sakhiwo sinika iibhloko ze-cathode ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwe-sodium okwandisiweyo: Isakhiwo se-graphitized esicocekileyo kakhulu simelana ngokufanelekileyo nokungena kwe-sodium ngexesha le-aluminium electrolysis, sandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-cathode.
- Ukuphuculwa kokuqhuba kombane: Ukwenziwa kweGraphitization kunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nombane, kunciphisa ukuhla kwevolthi esezantsi kweseli kwaye kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emveliso ye-aluminium malunga ne-5%–10%.
- Uzinzo oluphuculweyo lobushushu: Ukwandiswa komthamo ophantsi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunciphisa iingozi zokuqhekeka ezibangelwa kuxinzelelo lobushushu.
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-Anode Paste
Kwi-anode paste, i-graphitized petroleum coke isebenza njenge-carbon additive kunye nezinto zesakhelo se-conductive, kunye neziphumo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqhuba kombane okuphuculweyo: Ulwakhiwo lwegrafiti lukhuthaza ukusasazwa kombane okufanayo, kunciphisa i-anode overvoltage.
- Ukumelana nokuxinana kwe-oxidation okuphuculweyo: Umxholo wesalfure ophantsi (ngesiqhelo <0.06%) unciphisa ukuqhekeka okubangelwa yigesi ngexesha lokusabela kwi-CO₂, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-anode ngetoni yentsimbi (umz., ukuncipha kwe-12% kwisicelo seshishini elithile).
- Ulwakhiwo lwe-pore olulungiselelweyo: Ukwenziwa kwe-graphitization kunciphisa i-porosity ye-pitch coke, kwandisa uxinano lwe-anode kunye namandla oomatshini.
II. Iingenelo eziphambili zeGraphitized Petroleum Coke kuneCalcined Petroleum Coke
| Imilinganiselo yokusebenza | I-Graphitized Petroleum Coke | I-Calcined Petroleum Coke |
|---|---|---|
| Umxholo wesalfure | 0.03%–0.06% (uhlobo lwesalfure ephantsi) | ~0.5% (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo) |
| Izinga lokufunxa | 90%–95% | 80%–90% |
| Isidanga sokuguqula igrafu | I-graphitized ephezulu (ubuninzi bokwenyani ≥2.18 g/cm³) | I-graphitized engaphelelanga (ubuninzi bokwenyani yi-1.8–2.0 g/cm³) |
| Umxholo wokungcola | Uthuthu ≤0.15%, izinto eziguquguqukayo <0.5% | Uthuthu 0.3%–0.8%, i-volatible matter 0.7%–1.5% |
| I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu | Iphantsi (uhlobo lwe-coke yenaliti) | Phezulu (uhlobo lwe-sponge coke) |
| Iimeko zesicelo | Ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinamandla aphezulu, iimveliso ezikhethekileyo zekhabhoni | Ii-anode ezibhakiweyo kwangaphambili eziqhelekileyo, ii-electrode ze-silicon zemizi-mveliso |
Iingenelo ezithile:
1. Ukuphucula Ukusebenza kwe-Electrochemical
- Ukumelana kwe-graphitized petroleum coke kuphantsi ngama-30%–50% kune-calcined coke, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eeseli ze-electrolysis. Umzekelo, kwii-electrodes ze-needle coke ezingama-750 mm, ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity kudlula okwe-coke eqhelekileyo ngokuphindwe kathathu, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwentsimbi ukuya kwimizuzu engama-25 kwisithando ngasinye.
- Umthamo wesalfure ophantsi unciphisa ukusabela phakathi kwee-anode kunye nee-electrolytes ezine-fluoride, kunciphisa ukudumba okubangelwa yigesi kwaye kwandise ubomi be-anode.
2. Ukuphuculwa kwePropati yoomatshini
- Ukwenziwa kwe-graphitization kwandisa ubulukhuni bezinto kunye nokumelana nobushushu. Kwiindawo ze-electrolysis ye-aluminium enobushushu obuphezulu, i-thermal expansion coefficient yeebhloko ze-cathode ezifakelwe i-graphitized iphantsi ngama-30% kune-calcined coke, nto leyo enciphisa umonakalo wesakhiwo obangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu.
- Uxinano oluphezulu (≥2.18 g/cm³) luphucula ubuncinci bezinto, lunciphisa ukungena kolwelo lwe-aluminium kunye nokukhukuliseka kwe-sodium.
3. Iingenelo zeNdalo kunye nezoQoqosho
- Ukunciphisa umxholo wesalfure kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-SO₂, oku kuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, isityalo se-aluminium esisebenzisa i-coke ene-sulfur graphitized coke sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-SO₂ ngetoni nganye ye-aluminium nge-15%.
- Nangona iindleko ziphezulu (malunga ne-1.5–2 ye-calcined coke), ixesha elide lokuphila kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kunciphisa utyalo-mali lokuqala. Umzekelo, ixesha lokuphila kwe-cathode block linyuke ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweyesi-8, linciphisa iindleko zizonke ngama-20%.
III. Amatyala okusetyenziswa kunye neNkxaso yeDatha
- Ishishini le-Aluminium Electrolysis: Ehlabathini lonke, i-70% ye-calcined coke isetyenziselwa ii-anode ze-aluminium electrolysis, kodwa iimarike eziphezulu (umz., ii-cathodes ze-graphitized) ziyanda ukusebenzisa i-graphitized coke. Elinye ishishini linciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-anode ukusuka kwi-420 kg/t-Al ukuya kwi-370 kg/t-Al emva kokusebenzisa ii-cathodes ze-graphitized, nto leyo esindisa i-RMB 200 yezigidi ngonyaka.
- Ishishini leNsimbi: Ii-electrode ze-needle coke ezingama-750 mm ezithwala i-100,000 A currents zifikelele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwentsimbi kwemizuzu engama-25 ngesithando ngasinye, kwaye umbane uphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-coke eqhelekileyo.
- Icandelo Lokugcina Amandla: I-coke e-calcined eguqulwe yi-asphalt iphucule ubomi bomjikelo we-anode ye-carbon eqinileyo ngemijikelo engama-400, ifumana ukutsala kwiimarike zebhetri ye-sodium-ion.
IV. Isiphelo
I-graphitized petroleum coke, ngokusebenzisa i-graphitization yobushushu obuphezulu, ibonisa ubunyulu obuphezulu, ukuqhuba kombane, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu xa kuthelekiswa ne-calcined petroleum coke, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwiibhloko ze-cathode ze-aluminium electrolysis kunye nemveliso ye-anode paste ekhethekileyo. Nangona iindleko ziphezulu, ixesha layo elide, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo ziyibeka njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ishishini le-aluminium. Ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-graphitization kwixesha elizayo (umz., unyango lobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwi-3000°C) kuya kwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-graphite ye-nuclear-grade, i-lithium-ion battery anodes, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphambili.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-22-2025