Njengoko ingxabano phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine iqhubeka nokukhula, iRashiya neUkraine njengamazwe athumela i-graphite electrode eTshayina, ngaba kuya kuba nefuthe elithile ekuthunyelweni kwe-graphite electrode eTshayina?
Okokuqala, izinto zokwenza imveliso
Imfazwe phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine ikhulise ukuguquguquka kwimarike yeoyile, kwaye ngenxa yokuba izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphantsi kwaye kungekho mandla aneleyo kwihlabathi liphela, kusenokuba kukunyuka kwamaxabiso eoyile kuphela okuya kunciphisa imfuno. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemarike yeoyile ekrwada, amaxabiso e-petroleum coke yasekhaya, kunye ne-needle coke abonisa ukunyuka okukhulu.
Ixabiso le-petroleum coke emva kweholide libonise ukunyuka kathathu ngokulandelelana, nokuba kukunyuka kane ngokulandelelana, njengoko kuchazwe kwiphephandaba, ixabiso le-jinxi petrochemical coking le-6000 yuan/ton, ukunyuka nge-900 yuan/ton ngonyaka, ixabiso le-Daqing Petrochemical le-7300 yuan/ton, ukunyuka nge-1000 yuan/ton ngonyaka.
I-Needle coke, emva kokuba umnyhadala ubonise ukunyuka okuphindwe kabini, i-oil needle coke yonyuko olukhulu lwe-2000 yuan/ton, njengoko kushicilelwe, ixabiso le-graphite electrode yasekhaya ye-13,000-14,000 yuan/ton, ukunyuka okuphakathi kwenyanga kwe-2000 yuan/ton. I-coke ephekiweyo ye-oil series needle coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe i-2000-2200 yuan/ton, echaphazeleka yi-oil series needle coke, ixabiso le-coke ye-coke yamalahle nalo lenyuka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, i-electrode ye-graphite yasekhaya ene-coal series needle coke ephekiweyo i-110-12,000 yuan/ton, ukunyuka okuphakathi kwenyanga kwe-750 yuan/ton. I-electrode ye-graphite engeniswe kwamanye amazwe ene-coal needle coke coke ecatshulwe kwi-1450-1700 USD/ton.
IRashiya yenye yezona nkampani ziphambili ezintathu emhlabeni ezivelisa ioyile, ezibalelwa kwi-12.1% yemveliso yeoyile ekrwada kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2020, kwaye ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ikakhulu eYurophu naseTshayina. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lemfazwe yeRussia neUkraine kwixesha elizayo liya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kumaxabiso eoyile. Ukuba imfazwe ye "blitzkrieg" ijika ibe "yimfazwe eqhubekayo", kulindeleke ukuba ibe nefuthe eliqhubekayo lokunyusa amaxabiso eoyile. Kwaye ukuba iingxoxo zoxolo ezilandelayo zihamba kakuhle kwaye imfazwe iphela kungekudala, oko kunokubeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kumaxabiso eoyile, anyuswe phezulu. Ngenxa yoko, amaxabiso eoyile aya kuhlala elawulwa kwixesha elifutshane yimeko yeRashiya neUkraine. Ukusuka kule mbono, ixabiso le-electrode ye-graphite alikacaci.
Okwesibini, ukuthumela ngaphandle
Ngowama-2021, imveliso ye-graphite electrode yaseTshayina yayimalunga ne-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni, apho iitoni ezingama-425,900 zathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ethetha i-34.49% yemveliso yonyaka ye-graphite electrode yaseTshayina. Ngowama-2021, iTshayina yathumela ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-39,400 zee-graphite electrode ezivela kwi-Russian Federation kunye neetoni ezili-16,400 ezivela e-Ukraine, nto leyo ethetha i-13.10% yemveliso iyonke ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2021 kunye ne-5.07% yemveliso yonyaka ye-graphite electrodes yaseTshayina.
Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2021, imveliso ye-graphite electrode yaseTshayina imalunga neetoni ezingama-240,000. Ngokuphathelele imida yemveliso yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo eHenan, eHebei, eShanxi naseShandong, ikota yokuqala yowama-2022 isenokubona ukwehla konyaka nonyaka malunga nama-40%. Kwikota yokuqala yowama-2021, iTshayina ithumele ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-0.7900 zee-graphite electrodes ezivela kwiRussian Federation naseUkraine, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-6%.
Okwangoku, i-downstream blast furnace, i-electrical furnace kunye ne-non-steel industry ye-graphite electrode iqalisa imveliso nganye emva kwenye, ukuthengwa kwe-"buy up not buy down" engqondweni, ukwehla okuncinci kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunokuba nzima ukuba nefuthe elithile kwimarike ye-graphite electrode yasekhaya.
Ngoko ke, ngokubanzi, kwixesha elifutshane, iindleko ziseyeyona nto iphambili echaphazela imakethi ye-graphite electrode yaseTshayina, kwaye ukubuyiselwa kwemfuno yindima yokutsha.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-04-2022