Isishwankathelo:Umbhali uhlalutya imeko yokuveliswa kwe-needle coke kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwilizwe lethu, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-graphite electrode kunye ne-negative electrode materials prospect kushishino, ukuze afunde imingeni yophuhliso lwe-oyile ye-needle coke, kuquka ukuba izixhobo ze-oyile azifumaneki, umgangatho awuphezulu, uvavanyo lwesicelo somjikelo omde kunye nomthamo ogqithisileyo, ukwandisa uphando lokwahlulwahlulwa kwemveliso, ukusetyenziswa, amanyathelo okusebenza, njengezifundo zombutho ukuphuhlisa imakethi ephezulu.
Ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yezinto eziluhlaza, i-needle coke ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-oil needle coke kunye ne-coal needle coke. I-oil needle coke yenziwe kakhulu nge-FCC slurry ngokusebenzisa ukucocwa, i-hydrodesulfurization, i-delayed coking kunye ne-calcination. Le nkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye inomxholo ophezulu wobugcisa. I-Needle coke ineempawu ze-carbon ephezulu, i-sulfur ephantsi, i-nitrogen ephantsi, uthuthu oluphantsi njalo njalo, kwaye ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-electrochemical kunye ne-mechanical emva kwe-graphitization. Luhlobo lwezinto ze-anisotropic high-end carbon kunye ne-graphitization elula.
I-Needle coke isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kunye nezixhobo ze-cathode zebhetri ye-lithium ion, njengeenjongo zeqhinga elithi "carbon peak", "carbon neutral", amazwe ayaqhubeka nokukhuthaza utshintsho lweshishini lesinyithi kunye nentsimbi kunye neemoto kunye nokuphuculwa kokulungiswa kwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhusela okusingqongileyo okonga amandla aphantsi kunye ne-green carbon, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwentsimbi yesithando sombane kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Imfuno ye-needle coke eluhlaza nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini elisezantsi le-needle coke liya kuhlala liphumelela kakhulu. Esi sihloko sihlalutya imeko yesicelo kunye nethuba le-needle coke kwi-electrode ye-graphite kunye nezinto ze-anode, kwaye sibeka phambili imingeni kunye namanyathelo okulwa nophuhliso olusempilweni lweshishini le-needle coke.
1. Uhlalutyo lwemveliso kunye nendlela yokuhamba kwe-needle coke
1.1 Ukuveliswa kwe-needle coke
Imveliso ye-needle coke igxile kakhulu kumazwe ambalwa afana neTshayina, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, iSouth Korea kunye neJapan. Ngo-2011, amandla emveliso yehlabathi ye-needle coke yayimalunga ne-1200kt/a, apho amandla emveliso yaseTshayina yayiyi-250kt/a, kwaye kwakukho abavelisi abane kuphela baseTshayina be-needle coke. Ngo-2021, ngokwezibalo zeSinfern Information, amandla emveliso yehlabathi ye-needle coke aya kwanda aye kwi-3250kt/a, kwaye amandla emveliso ye-Needle coke eTshayina aya kwanda aye kwi-2240kt/a, ebalelwa kwi-68.9% yamandla emveliso yehlabathi, kwaye inani labavelisi baseTshayina be-needle coke liya kwanda liye kwi-21.
Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa amandla okuvelisa abavelisi abali-10 abaphambili be-needle coke ehlabathini, abanomthamo wemveliso iyonke we-2130kt/a, ebalelwa kwi-65.5% yamandla okuvelisa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokwembono yamandla okuvelisa kwihlabathi liphela amashishini e-needle coke, abavelisi be-needle coke yochungechunge lweoyile ngokubanzi banomlinganiselo omkhulu, umthamo oqhelekileyo wokuvelisa wesityalo esinye yi-100 ~ 200kt/a, umthamo wokuvelisa i-needle coke yochungechunge lwamalahle umalunga ne-50kT/a kuphela.
Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, amandla okuvelisa i-needle coke kwihlabathi liphela aya kuqhubeka esanda, kodwa ikakhulu avela eTshayina. Amandla okuvelisa i-needle coke eChina acwangcisiweyo kwaye asakhiwayo amalunga ne-430kT / a, kwaye imeko yomthamo ogqithisileyo iya isiba mandundu ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kweTshayina, amandla e-needle coke azinzile, njengoko umzi-mveliso wokuhluza we-OMSK waseRussia uceba ukwakha iyunithi ye-needle coke engama-38kt / a ngo-2021.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa ukuveliswa kwe-needle coke eTshayina kwiminyaka emi-5 yakutshanje. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 1, ukuveliswa kwe-needle coke eTshayina kufikelele ekukhuleni okukhulu, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esidibeneyo se-45% kwiminyaka emi-5. Ngo-2020, ukuveliswa okupheleleyo kwe-needle coke eTshayina kufikelele kwi-517kT, kubandakanya i-176kT yochungechunge lwamalahle kunye ne-341kT yochungechunge lweoyile.
1.2 Ukungeniswa kwe-needle coke
Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa imeko yokungenisa i-needle coke eTshayina kwiminyaka emi-5 yakutshanje. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 2, ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19, umthamo wokungenisa i-needle coke eTshayina unyuke kakhulu, wafikelela kwi-270kT ngo-2019, irekhodi eliphezulu. Ngo-2020, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu le-needle coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe, ukwehla kokhuphiswano, uluhlu olukhulu lweevenkile, kunye nokugquba okuqhubekayo kwezifo ezibulalayo eYurophu nase-United States, umthamo wokungenisa i-needle coke eTshayina ngo-2020 wawuyi-132kt kuphela, wehla nge-51% ngonyaka. Ngokwezibalo, kwi-needle coke engeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngo-2020, i-oyile ye-needle coke yayiyi-27.5kT, yehla nge-82.93% ngonyaka; I-coke yokulinganisa amalahle yi-104.1kt, ingaphezulu nge-18.26% kunonyaka ophelileyo, isizathu esiphambili kukuba ukuthuthwa kolwandle eJapan naseMzantsi Korea akuchaphazeleki kangako yibhubhane, okwesibini, ixabiso lezinye iimveliso ezivela eJapan naseMzantsi Korea liphantsi kuneleemveliso ezifanayo eTshayina, kwaye umthamo weodolo osezantsi mkhulu.
1.3 Indlela yokusebenzisa i-needle coke
I-Needle coke luhlobo lwezinto zekhabhoni eziphezulu, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokwenza imveliso ye-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nezinto ze-anode ze-graphite zokwenziwa. Ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwesiphelo sendlela kukwenziwa kwentsimbi ye-arc furnace kunye neebhetri zamandla kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla.
UMZOBO 3 ubonisa indlela esetyenziswa ngayo i-needle coke eTshayina kwiminyaka emi-5 yakutshanje. I-graphite electrode yeyona ndawo inkulu yokusebenzisa, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwemfuno lingena kwinqanaba elithe tyaba, ngelixa izixhobo ze-electrode ezingalunganga ziqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2020, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwe-needle coke eTshayina (kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwempahla) yayiyi-740kT, apho i-340kT yezinto ezingalunganga kunye ne-400kt ye-graphite electrode zasetyenziswa, ezibalelwa kwi-45% yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingalunganga.
2.1 Uphuhliso lokwenza intsimbi ye-eAF
Ishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi liyimveliso enkulu yokukhupha ikhabhoni eTshayina. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuvelisa isinyithi nentsimbi: i-blast furnace kunye ne-electric arc furnace. Phakathi kwazo, ukwenza intsimbi ye-arc furnace kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngama-60%, kwaye kunokuphumeza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo zentsimbi elahliweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ekungenisweni kwe-iron ore. Ishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi licebise ukuba likhokele ekufezekiseni injongo "ye-carbon peak" kunye "ne-carbon neutralite" ngo-2025. Phantsi kwesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe weshishini lesinyithi nentsimbi, kuya kubakho inani elikhulu lezityalo zesinyithi eziza kutshintsha i-converter kunye ne-blast furnace nge-electric arc furnace.
Ngowama-2020, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yaseTshayina yi-1054.4mt, apho imveliso yentsimbi ye-eAF imalunga ne-96Mt, ibandakanya i-9.1% kuphela yentsimbi ekrwada iyonke, xa kuthelekiswa ne-18% yomndilili wehlabathi, i-67% ye-United States, i-39% ye-European Union, kunye ne-22% yentsimbi ye-EAF yaseJapan, kukho indawo enkulu yokuqhubela phambili. Ngokwesiyilo esithi “Isikhokelo soKhuthazo loPhuhliso oluPhezulu lweShishini leNsimbi neNtsimbi” esikhutshwe yiSebe lezoShishino noLwazi nge-31 kaDisemba 2020, umlinganiselo wemveliso yentsimbi ye-eAF kwimveliso iyonke yentsimbi ekrwada kufuneka unyuswe uye kwi-15% ~ 20% ngo-2025. Ukwanda kwemveliso yentsimbi ye-eAF kuya kunyusa kakhulu imfuno yee-electrode ze-graphite zamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Indlela yophuhliso lwe-arc furnace yasekhaya iphezulu kwaye inkulu, nto leyo ebeka phambili imfuno enkulu yeenkcukacha ezinkulu kunye ne-electrode ye-graphite yamandla aphezulu kakhulu.
2.2 Imeko yemveliso ye-graphite electrode
I-graphite electrode iyinto ebalulekileyo esetyenziswayo ekwenzeni intsimbi ye-eAF. Umfanekiso 4 ubonisa amandla okuvelisa kunye nemveliso ye-graphite electrode eTshayina kwiminyaka emi-5 yakutshanje. Amandla okuvelisa i-graphite electrode anyuke ukusuka kwi-1050kT /a ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-2200kt /a ngo-2020, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo se-15.94%. Le minyaka mihlanu lixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamandla okuvelisa i-graphite electrode, kunye nomjikelo oqhubekayo wophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini le-graphite electrode. Ngaphambi kowama-2017, ishishini le-graphite electrode njengeshishini lemveli lokuvelisa elinokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu, amashishini amakhulu e-graphite electrode asekhaya anciphisa imveliso, amashishini amancinci naphakathi e-graphite electrode ajongene nokuvalwa, kwaye neenkampani ezinkulu ze-electrode zamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka ziyeke ukuvelisa, zithengise kwakhona kwaye ziphume. Ngowama-2017, ziphenjelelwa kwaye ziqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo wesizwe wokususa ngokunyanzelekileyo "intsimbi yomgangatho", ixabiso le-graphite electrode eTshayina lenyuka kakhulu. Ikhuthazwe yinzuzo engaphezulu, imakethi ye-graphite electrode yaqalisa ukuqalisa kwakhona nokwandiswa kwamandla.
Ngowama-2019, imveliso ye-graphite electrode eTshayina ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ifikelela kwi-1189kT. Ngowama-2020, imveliso ye-graphite electrode yehla yaya kwi-1020kT ngenxa yemfuno ebuthathaka ebangelwe yibhubhane. Kodwa ngokubanzi, ishishini le-graphite electrode laseTshayina linomthamo omkhulu, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa lehle ukusuka kwi-70% ngo-2017 ukuya kwi-46% ngo-2020, izinga elitsha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
2.3 Uhlalutyo lwemfuno ye-needle coke kushishino lwe-graphite electrode
Uphuhliso lwentsimbi ye-eAF luya kuqhuba imfuno ye-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno ye-electrode ye-graphite iya kuba malunga ne-1300kt ngo-2025, kwaye imfuno ye-coke yeenaliti eluhlaza iya kuba malunga ne-450kT. Ngenxa yokuba ekuvelisweni kwe-electrode enkulu kunye ne-electrode ye-graphite enamandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye ne-joint, i-coke yeenaliti esekwe kwi-oyile ingcono kune-coke yeenaliti esekwe kumalahle, umlinganiselo wemfuno ye-graphite electrode ye-coke yeenaliti esekwe kwi-oyile uya kwanda ngakumbi, uthabathe indawo yemarike ye-coke yeenaliti esekwe kumalahle.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-23-2022