Inkcazo:Umbhali uhlalutya imveliso yenaliti ye-coke kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa kwilizwe lethu, ithemba lokusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-graphite electrode kunye ne-electrode negative industry prospect, ukufunda imiceli mngeni yophuhliso lwenaliti ye-oyile, kubandakanywa nobutyebi bezinto eziphathekayo bunqongophele, umgangatho awuphezulu, umjikelo omde kunye novavanyo lwesicelo sobuninzi, ukwandisa uphando lokwahlula imveliso, ukudibanisa, ukugqiba izifundo zokuphuhlisa, ezifana nezifundo zokugqibela zokuphuhlisa, ezifana nezifundo zentengiso.
Ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yezinto eziluhlaza, inaliti yenaliti inokwahlulwa ibe yi-oyile yenaliti yecoke kunye necoke yenaliti yamalahle. I-oyile yenaliti ye-coke yenziwa ikakhulu kwi-FCC slurry ngokucokisa, i-hydrodesulfurization, ukulibaziseka kokupheka kunye nokubala. Inkqubo inzima kwaye inomxholo ophezulu wobugcisa. I-needle coke ineempawu zekhabhoni ephezulu, isulfure ephantsi, i-nitrogen ephantsi, umlotha ophantsi kunye nokunye, kwaye ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-electrochemical kunye ne-mechanical after graphitization. Luhlobo lwe-anisotropic ye-carbon high-end carbon material kunye ne-graphitization elula.
Inaliti ye-coke isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala i-electrode ephezulu yegraphite, kunye ne-lithium ion ibhetri yecathode izinto, njenge "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" iinjongo zeqhinga, amazwe ayaqhubeka nokukhuthaza isinyithi kunye nentsimbi kunye nenguqu yoshishino lwemoto kunye nophuculo lohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo semizi-mveliso kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okugcina i-carbon ephantsi kunye neteknoloji yokukhusela okusingqongileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kombane kunye nophuhliso olutsha lwe-furnarc amandla ombane. inaliti coke ekrwada nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini elisezantsi lenaliti ye-coke liya kuba liphumelele kakhulu. Esi sihloko sihlalutya isimo sesicelo kunye nethemba lenaliti ye-coke kwi-graphite electrode kunye ne-anode material, kwaye ibeka phambili imingeni kunye nemilinganiselo yokuthintela ukuphuhliswa okunempilo kweshishini le-coke yeenaliti.
1. Uhlalutyo lwemveliso kunye nokuhamba kolwalathiso lwenaliti ye-coke
1.1 Ukuveliswa kwecoke yenaliti
Imveliso yenaliti ye-coke igxininiswe kakhulu kumazwe ambalwa afana ne-China, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-South Korea kunye ne-Japan. Ngo-2011, umthamo wemveliso yehlabathi jikelele ye-coke yenaliti yayimalunga ne-1200kt / a, apho imveliso yaseChina yayiyi-250kt / a, kwaye kwakukho abenzi bee-coke ezine ze-coke ezine kuphela. Ngo-2021, ngokweenkcukacha-manani zeSinfern Information, umthamo wehlabathi jikelele wemveliso ye-coke yenaliti uya kunyuka ukuya malunga ne-3250kt / a, kunye nomthamo wemveliso ye-Needle coke e-China iya kunyuka ukuya malunga ne-2240kt / a, i-accounting ye-68.9% yomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi, kunye nenani labenzi beenaliti ze-coke zaseShayina.
Itheyibhile ye-1 ibonisa amandla okuvelisa abenzi be-coke be-naliti abaphezulu be-10 emhlabeni, kunye nomthamo opheleleyo wemveliso ye-2130kt / a, i-accounting ye-65.5% yomthamo wemveliso yehlabathi. Ngokombono wehlabathi jikelele umthamo wemveliso yamashishini inaliti coke, uthotho lweoli abenzi inaliti coke ngokubanzi isikali enkulu ngokwentelekiso, umndilili umthamo wemveliso yesityalo esinye yi 100 ~ 200kt/a, amalahle uthotho inaliti umthamo imveliso coke kuphela malunga 50kT / a.
Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, umthamo wemveliso yenaliti yehlabathi uya kuqhubeka ukhula, kodwa ubukhulu becala ukusuka eTshayina. Isicwangciso saseTshayina esicwangcisiweyo kwaye siphantsi kokwakhiwa kwekhono lokuvelisa inaliti ye-coke malunga ne-430kT / a, kwaye imeko yokugqithisa iyancipha ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kweTshayina, umthamo we-coke yenaliti uzinzile, kunye ne-Russian ye-OMSK yokucoca isicwangciso sokwakha i-38kt / iyunithi ye-coke yenaliti kwi-2021.
Umzobo 1 ubonisa ukuveliswa kwenaliti ye-coke e-China kwiminyaka eyi-5 yakutshanje. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 1, imveliso yenaliti ye-coke e-China ifikelele ekukhuleni okugqabhukileyo, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo lama-45% kwiminyaka emi-5. Kwi-2020, imveliso epheleleyo yeenaliti ze-coke e-China yafikelela kwi-517kT, kuquka i-176kT yochungechunge lwamalahle kunye ne-341kT ye-oyile series.
1.2 Ukuthathwa ngaphandle kwekhokhi yenaliti
Umzobo we-2 ubonisa imeko yokungenisa i-coke yenaliti e-China kwiminyaka eyi-5 yakutshanje. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 2, ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19, umthamo wokungenisa wenaliti e-China unyuke kakhulu, wafikelela kwi-270kT ngo-2019, irekhodi eliphezulu. Ngo-2020, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu le-coke yenaliti ephuma kumazwe angaphandle, ukukhuphisana okuhlileyo, uluhlu lwezixhobo ezinkulu zezibuko, kunye nokubekwa phezulu kukuqhambuka kwezifo eziqhambukayo eYurophu nase-United States, umthamo wokungenisa wenaliti e-China ngo-2020 wawuyi-132kt kuphela, ukwehla ngama-51% ngonyaka. Ngokwezibalo, kwi-coke yenaliti engeniswe kwi-2020, inaliti ye-oyile ye-oyile yayiyi-27.5kT, phantsi kwe-82.93% ngonyaka; Ilahle yokulinganisa inaliti coke 104.1kt, 18.26% ngaphezu kunyaka ophelileyo, esona sizathu kukuba ukuthuthwa elwandle yaseJapan kunye South Korea abachatshazelwa kancinane ngubhubhane, okwesibini, ixabiso ezinye iimveliso ezivela eJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea liphantsi kunaleyo yeemveliso ezifanayo e-China, kunye nomthamo oda ezantsi umlambo mkhulu.
1.3 Isalathiso sokusetyenziswa kwe-coke yenaliti
Inaliti ye-coke luhlobo lwezinto eziphezulu zekhabhoni, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa i-electrode ye-graphite ye-ultra-high kunye ne-artificial graphite anode materials. Ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zesicelo se-terminal yi-electric arc furnace steelmaking kunye neebhetri zamandla kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha.
IKHIWANE. I-3 ibonisa indlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-coke yenaliti e-China kwiminyaka eyi-5 yakutshanje. I-electrode yegraphite yeyona ndawo inkulu yesicelo, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwemfuno lingena kwinqanaba elithe tyaba, ngelixa izinto ezingalunganga ze-electrode ziqhubeka zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2020, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwenaliti ye-coke e-China (kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwe-inventory) kwakuyi-740kT, apho i-340kT yezinto ezimbi kunye ne-400kt ye-graphite electrode idliwe, i-akhawunti ye-45% yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezimbi.
2.1 Uphuhliso lwe-EAF steelmaking
Ishishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ngumvelisi omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eTshayina. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zemveliso yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi: isithando somlilo kunye nesithando sombane se-arc. Phakathi kwabo, i-electric arc furnace steelmaking inokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nge-60%, kwaye inokuqonda ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwemithombo yensimbi ye-scrap kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-iron ore import. Ishishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi licetywayo ukuba lihambe phambili ekufezekiseni injongo "ye-carbon peak" kunye "ne-carbon neutrality" ngo-2025. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe wensimbi kunye nentsimbi, kuya kuba nenani elikhulu lezityalo zetsimbi ezithatha indawo yokuguqula kunye nokuqhuma intsimbi yesithando somlilo nge-arc yombane.
Ngo-2020, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yaseTshayina yi-1054.4mt, apho imveliso yentsimbi ye-eAF imalunga ne-96Mt, ibala kuphela i-9.1% yentsimbi ekrwada iyonke, xa kuthelekiswa ne-18% yomndilili wehlabathi, i-67% yase-United States, i-39% ye-European Union, kunye ne-22AF% yenkqubela phambili yentsimbi yaseJapan, kukho indawo enkulu ye-EF. Ngokwedrafti "yokuKhuthaza uPhuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woShishino lwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi" olukhutshwe nguMphathiswa woShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi nge-31 kaDisemba, 2020, umyinge wemveliso yentsimbi ye-eAF kwimveliso yentsimbi ekrwada iyonke kufuneka yonyuswe ukuya kwi-15% ~ 20% ngo-2025. Umkhwa wokuphuhliswa kwesithando sombane se-arc siphezulu kwaye sisikhulu, esibeka phambili imfuno enkulu yenkcazo enkulu kunye ne-ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 Ubume bemveliso ye-graphite electrode
I-electrode yegraphite iyimfuneko ekusetyenzisweni kwe-eAF steelmaking. Umzobo 4 ubonisa umthamo wemveliso kunye nemveliso ye-electrode yegraphite e-China kwiminyaka emi-5 yakutshanje. Umthamo wemveliso ye-electrode yegraphite unyukile ukusuka kwi-1050kT/a ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-2200kt/a ngo-2020, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-15.94%. Le minyaka mihlanu lixesha lokukhula okukhawulezayo komthamo wokuvelisa i-electrode yegraphite, kunye nomjikelo oqhubayo wophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini legraphite electrode. Phambi kowama-2017, ishishini legraphite electrode njengeshishini lemveli lemveliso elinosetyenziso oluphezulu lwamandla kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu, amashishini amakhulu asekhaya egraphite electrode anciphisa imveliso, amashishini amancinci naphakathi egraphite electrode ajongene nokuvalwa, kwaye kwanoomatshini be-electrode bamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka bayeke ukuvelisa, bathengise kwaye baphume. Kwi-2017, ithonywe kwaye iqhutywe ngumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo kazwelonke wokupheliswa okunyanzelekileyo "kwentsimbi yomgangatho wentsimbi", ixabiso le-graphite electrode e-China lenyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ikhuthazwe ziingeniso ezigqithileyo, imarike yegraphite electrode yangenisa amaza okuvuselela amandla kunye nokwandiswa.
Ngo-2019, imveliso ye-graphite electrode e-China yafikelela kwindawo ephezulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yafikelela kwi-1189kT. Ngo-2020, imveliso ye-graphite electrode yehla yaya kutsho kwi-1020kT ngenxa yesidingo esibuthathaka esibangelwe ngubhubhane. Kodwa xa lilonke, ishishini laseTshayina legraphite electrode linamandla amakhulu, kwaye izinga lokusebenzisa lehlile ukusuka kuma-70% ngo-2017 ukuya kuma-46% ngo-2020, izinga elitsha lokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
2.3 Uhlalutyo lwemfuno ye-coke yenaliti kwishishini legraphite electrode
Ukuphuhliswa kwentsimbi ye-eAF kuya kuqhuba imfuno ye-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno electrode graphite iya kuba malunga 1300kt ngo 2025, kunye nemfuno coke inaliti ekrwada iya kuba malunga 450kT. Kuba kwimveliso yobukhulu obukhulu kunye ne-ultra-high power graphite electrode kunye nokudityaniswa, inaliti ye-oyile esekwe kwi-oyile ingcono kune-coke yenaliti esekwe ngamalahle, ubungakanani bemfuno ye-graphite electrode ye-oyile esekwe kwi-oyile iya kwandiswa ngakumbi, ithatha indawo yentengiso ye-coke yenaliti esekwe ngamalahle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2022