Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lehlabathi, umgubo wegrafiti uthathwa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zeminerali zorhwebo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi netekhnoloji, igrafiti idlale indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Kwishishini, ii-ore ze-graphite zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ii-ore ze-graphite ze-crystalline kunye nee-ore ze-graphite ze-crystalline ezizinzileyo. Ii-ore ze-graphite ze-crystalline zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: eziqhekekileyo nezixineneyo.
Ii-ore ze-graphite eTshayina ikakhulu zezohlobo lwe-crystalline oluqhekekileyo, zilandelwa lohlobo lwe-cryptocrystalline. I-graphite exineneyo ye-crystalline ifumaneka kuphela kwiindawo ezimbalwa ezifana neTokbula eXinjiang kwaye ayinaxabiso lingako kwimizi-mveliso.
I-graphite yemizi-mveliso igcina iipropati zekhemikhali zokuqala ze-flake graphite, ezizezi ukumelana ne-asidi, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye neepropati zomzimba, kunye nokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi. Amandla ayo okuxinzelela aphezulu kune-800kg/ cm², kwaye ayimelani ne-oxidation. Ilahlekelwa yi-1% yobunzima bayo emoyeni we-450℃ kwaye inereyithi yokubuyela umva ye-15-50%. Ikwanayo nokusebenza okuzithambisayo okunamandla kakhulu kwe-graphite powder. Ke ngoko, i-graphite isetyenziswe kakhulu kwi-metallurgy, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, ii-petrochemicals, i-high-energy physics, i-aerospace, ii-electronics kunye nezinye iindawo.
Besebenzisa iipropati zegrafiti, abantu baye bavelisa ngobuchule iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ngokweemfuno zobunjineli, ezifana negrafiti ecocekileyo kakhulu, igrafiti eguquguqukayo, igrafiti edibeneyo, njalo njalo. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo, igrafiti idityaniswa neefayibha, iingcingo zesinyithi zegrafiti, iimeshe zesinyithi kunye neepleyiti zokusebenza ngesinyithi ukwenza igrafiti edibeneyo yomgubo wegrafiti, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu amandla ayo kunye nokuqina kwayo.
I-graphite edityanisiweyo ikakhulu icinezelwa ngokubandayo okanye ihlanganiswe ngobushushu neeresini, iirabha zokwenziwa kunye neeplastiki. Kukwakho ne-graphite engamanzi kunye ne-graphite engamanzi.
I-Graphite idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokutywina, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuhanjiswa kombane, ukugcinwa kobushushu, ukumelana noxinzelelo, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, nto leyo etsale ingqalelo enkulu kwiingcali zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kakade ke, i-graphite ikwangena ngokuzolileyo kwizixhobo zanamhlanje zeofisi. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso wezinto zokugcina kwiPhondo laseJiangxi usebenzisa i-graphite ukuyandisa nokuyicubungula ibe ngamaphepha angqukuva angangeni zinambuzane anamandla athile okufunxa amayeza kwaye angagcina ukusebenza kwawo unyaka wonke.
Ngenxa yokwanda okuncinci kwe-graphite kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukumelana notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu, ingasetyenziswa njengesikhunta seglasi. Emva kokusebenzisa i-graphite, izinto ezifunyenwe kwiintsimbi ze-ferrous zinemilinganiselo echanekileyo, iindawo ezigudileyo, kunye namazinga aphezulu okuvelisa. Zingasetyenziswa ngaphandle okanye ngokucubungula okuncinci kuphela, ngaloo ndlela zisindisa isixa esikhulu sesinyithi. Ekuveliseni iinkqubo ze-powder metallurgy ezifana nee-alloys ezinzima, iinqanawa kunye nezitya zokutshiza ezinganyangekiyo zidla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ze-graphite. Ukongeza, i-graphite ingasetyenziswa njenge-vacuum smelting graphite insulation plates kunye neziseko, kunye nezinto ezifana neetyhubhu ze-furnace ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, iintonga, iipleyiti, kunye neendawo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-21-2025