Ukwenziwa kwegrafiti yinkqubo ephambili eguqula izinto ze-carbonaceous ezingaguqukiyo nezingaguqukiyo zibe yisakhiwo sekristale yegrafiti ecwangcisiweyo, kunye neeparameter zayo eziphambili ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba legrafiti, iimpawu zezinto, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Apha ngezantsi kukho iiparameter zenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo zobugcisa zokwenziwa kwegrafiti:
I. Iiparamitha zoBushushu obuPhambili
Uluhlu lobushushu ekujoliswe kulo
Ukufakelwa kwegrafiti kufuna izinto zokufudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2300–3000℃, apho:
- I-2500℃ iphawula ingongoma ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa kakhulu isithuba phakathi kwegrafiti, okuqalisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo;
- Kwi-3000℃, i-graphitization isondela ekugqityweni, apho isithuba se-interlayer sizinza kwi-0.3354 nm (ixabiso elifanelekileyo le-graphite) kunye ne-graphitization degree edlula i-90%.
Ixesha Lokubamba Ubushushu Obuphezulu
- Gcina ubushushu obujoliswe kubo kangangeeyure ezi-6–30 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu besithando busasazwa ngokulinganayo;
- Kufuneka iiyure ezi-3–6 ezongezelelweyo zokubamba ngexesha lokunikezelwa kombane ukuze kuthintelwe ukubuyela umva kokumelana nokuthintela iziphene ze-lattice ezibangelwa kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu.
II. Ulawulo lweKhova yokuFudumeza
Icebo Lokufudumeza Elicwangcisiweyo
- Isigaba sokuqala sokufudumeza (0–1000℃): Silawulwa kwi-50℃/h ukukhuthaza ukukhululwa kancinci kwezinto eziguquguqukayo (umz., i-tar, iigesi) kunye nokuthintela ukuqhuma kwesithando somlilo;
- Isigaba sokufudumeza (1000–2500℃): Sinyuswa siye kwi-100℃/h njengoko ukumelana nombane kuncipha, kunye nombane ohlengahlengisiweyo ukugcina amandla;
- Isigaba sokuphinda-phinda esinobushushu obuphezulu (2500–3000℃): Sihlala iiyure ezingama-20–30 ukuze kugqitywe ukulungiswa kweziphene ze-lattice kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kwe-microcrystalline.
Ulawulo oluguquguqukayo
- Izinto ezikrwada mazixutywe ngokusekelwe kumxholo oguquguqukayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxinana kwendawo ethile;
- Imingxunya yokungenisa umoya ibonelelwa kwi-insulation ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphuma okuguquguqukayo okusebenzayo;
- Ijika lokufudumeza liyacotha ngexesha lokukhupha umoya oguquguqukayo (umz., 800–1200℃) ukuthintela ukutsha okungaphelelanga kunye nokuveliswa komsi omnyama.
III. Ukulungiswa Kokulayisha Isithando Somlilo
Ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zokuxhathisa ezifanayo
- Izinto zokuxhathisa kufuneka zisasazwe ngokulinganayo ukusuka entloko yesithando ukuya emsileni ngokulayisha umgca omde ukuthintela imisinga ye-bias ebangelwa kukuhlanganiswa kwamasuntswana;
- Iziqwenga ezintsha nezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zidityaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zingavumelekanga ukuba zibekwe ngokweengqimba ukuze kuthintelwe ubushushu obuphezulu ngenxa yokwahluka kokumelana.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezincedisayo kunye noLawulo lobungakanani beenxalenye
- ≤10% yezinto ezincedisayo kufuneka zibe neefine ze-0–1 mm ukunciphisa ukunganyaniseki kokumelana;
- Izinto ezincedisayo ezinothuthu oluphantsi (<1%) kunye neziguquguqukayo eziphantsi (<5%) zibekwe phambili ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufunxwa kokungcola.
IV. Ulawulo lokuPholisa nokuThulula
Inkqubo Yokupholisa Ngokwendalo
- Ukupholisa ngokunyanzelisa ngokutshiza ngamanzi akuvumelekanga; endaweni yoko, izinto zisuswa umaleko kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokubamba okanye zokufunxa ukuthintela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lobushushu;
- Ixesha lokupholisa kufuneka libe ziintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-7 ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka kobushushu kancinci kancinci ngaphakathi kwezinto.
Ubushushu bokuKhupha kunye noLawulo lweKlasi
- Ukukhutshwa kwempahla okufanelekileyo kwenzeka xa izinto ezisetyenziswa ekutyeni zifikelela kwi-150℃; ukususwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kubangela i-oxidation yezinto (ukwanda kwendawo ethile yomphezulu) kunye nomonakalo onokwenziwa ekutyeni;
- Uqweqwe olunobukhulu obuyi-1–5 mm (oluqulethe ukungcola okuncinci) lwenzeka kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ekuthuthweni ngexesha lokukhupha impahla kwaye kufuneka lugcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo ezipakishwe kwiingxowa zeetoni ukuze zithunyelwe.
V. Ukulinganiswa kweeDigri zeGraphitization kunye noNxibelelwano lwePropathi
Iindlela zokulinganisa
- I-X-reyi Diffraction (XRD): Ibala isithuba se-interlayer d002 ngesikhundla se-(002) diffraction peak, kunye ne-graphitization degree g efunyenwe kusetyenziswa ifomula kaFranklin:
g=0.00860.3440−2c0×100%
(apho i-c0 isithuba esilinganisiweyo phakathi kweeleya; g=84.05% xa i-d002=0.3360nm).
- I-Raman Spectroscopy: Iqikelela inqanaba le-graphitization ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wobunzulu be-D-peak ukuya kwi-G-peak.
Impembelelo yePropati
- Ukunyuka ngakunye kwe-0.1 kwi-graphitization degree kunciphisa i-resistivity nge-30% kwaye kwandisa i-thermal conductivity nge-25%;
- Izinto ezinemifanekiso emininzi (>90%) zifikelela kwi-conductivity ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.2×10⁵ S/m, nangona ukuqina kwempembelelo kunokuncipha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusetyenziswe iindlela zokudibanisa izinto ukuze kulinganiswe ukusebenza.
VI. Ukulungiswa kweParameter yeNkqubo ePhambili
I-Catalytic Graphitization
- Iikhatalyst zentsimbi/ze-nickel zenza ii-Fe₃C/Ni₃C intermediate phases, zehlisa ubushushu be-graphitization ukuya kwi-2200℃;
- Ii-catalysts zeBoron ziyahlangana zibe ziingqimba zekhabhoni ukuze kukhuthazwe ukulandelelana, nto leyo edinga i-2300℃.
Ukwenziwa kweGraphitization yoBushushu obuPhezulu kakhulu
- Ukufudumeza i-arc ye-plasma (ubushushu be-argon plasma core: 15,000℃) kufikelela kumaqondo obushushu obuphezulu angama-3200℃ kunye namaqondo okubonisa i-graphitization >99%, afanelekileyo kwi-graphite ye-nuclear-grade kunye ne-aerospace-grade.
Ukufakelwa kweGraphitization kwiMicrowave
- Ii-microwave ze-2.45 GHz zivuselela ukungcangcazela kweeathom zekhabhoni, zivumela amazinga okufudumeza angama-500℃/min ngaphandle kokutshintsha kobushushu, nangona zilinganiselwe kwizinto ezixineneyo (<50 mm).
Ixesha leposi: Sep-04-2025