Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Ukuguquguquka Kwamaxabiso KwiMarike Ye-Graphitized Petroleum Coke
I. Icala leMfuno: Ukwandiswa kwamashishini angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuvela kwamacandelo amatsha
- Imfuno evela kwi-Electrolytic Aluminium kunye ne-Graphite Electrode Industries
I-graphitized petroleum coke isebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili se-anodes ezibhakiweyo kwangaphambili kwishishini le-aluminium ye-electrolytic kwaye iyinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-graphite electrode. Ukuguquguquka komthamo we-aluminium ye-electrolytic kuchaphazela ngqo imfuno:- 2017–2018: Ukunyuka kwemveliso yentsimbi yesithando somlilo se-arc sombane kubangele ukunyuka kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode, amaxabiso e-petroleum coke enyuka ukusuka kwi-RMB 1,200/ton ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-RMB 7,000/ton.
- 2024: Imiqathango yokukhupha ikhabhoni yanyanzela amanye amashishini e-aluminium e-electrolytic ukuba anciphise imveliso, enciphisa imfuno ye-petroleum coke kwaye ebeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kumaxabiso.
- Icandelo lokugcina amandla ebhetri: Imfuno ekhulayo yee-electrode zegrafiti inyuse amaxabiso e-petroleum coke ngakumbi.
- Ukukhula Okukhulu Kwimfuno Yezinto Ezine-Anode Yebhetri yeLithium
- Ngo-2024: Imfuno yehlabathi jikelele yezinto ze-lithium battery anode ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-2.2 ezigidi, ifuna ngaphezulu kweetoni ezi-3 zezigidi ze-petroleum coke, kodwa unikezelo lokwenyani belukwiitoni ezingama-2.6 ezigidi kuphela, nto leyo edala umsantsa we-13% yonikezelo.
- 2025: Amashishini ezinto ze-anode aseTshayina acwangcise umthamo ongaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-5 zeetoni (ongaphezulu kakhulu kwemfuno yehlabathi eqikelelweyo yeetoni ezi-3.5 yezigidi), okwandisa ukhuphiswano lwezinto eziluhlaza kwaye amaxabiso e-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephantsi asondele kwi-RMB 6,000/ton, ukunyuka kwe-150% ukusuka ekuqaleni kuka-2023.
- Ukwanda kweMfuno kwiShishini le-Photovoltaic
- 2024: Imfuno yehlabathi ye-coke yepetroleum ekumgangatho we-photovoltaic inyuke ngama-35%, apho abavelisi bezinto ze-silicon (umz., iTongwei, iGCL) bekhuphisana ngezixhobo ze-coke ezine-sulfur ephantsi, nto leyo enyusa amaxabiso.
II. Icala Lokubonelela: Ukuncitshiswa Komthamo kunye Nokuphazamiseka Kwekhonkco Lokubonelela
- Ukuncitshiswa koMbane wokuCoca iOyile
- Imigaqo-nkqubo yeHlabathi ye-"Dual Carbon": Ukupheliswa ngokukhawuleza kwamandla okucoca aphelelwe lixesha eYurophu nase-US kukhokelele ekwehleni kwe-8% ngonyaka kumandla okucoca aseYurophu kunye nezinga lokuvalwa kwe-12% phakathi kwabacoci beoyile ye-shale e-US ngo-2024, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukunikezelwa kwe-coke yepetroleum ene-sulfur encinci.
- Ukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso yokucoca yaseTshayina: NgoFebruwari 2025, imizi-mveliso yokucoca ezimeleyo yaseShandong (eGuangrao, eRizhao, eZibo) yabhengeza ukuvalwa kokugcinwa okungenasiphelo, nto leyo eyaqinisa ngakumbi ukunikezelwa kwemarike.
- Ukuqikelela Ubungakanani Bempahla kunye Nokugcinwa Kwabarhwebi
- Ukuqokelela abathengisi: Ngowama-2024, abarhwebi baqokelela uluhlu lwezinto ezithengiswayo oluphezulu kakhulu, benciphisa amasheya eechweba zasekhaya ukusuka kwizigidi ezi-2 zeetoni ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-800,000 zeetoni, nto leyo eyabangela “ukunqongophala okungeyonyani.”
- Ukuxhomekeka ekungeniseni: I-China ingenise i-coke ene-sulfur ephezulu evela eRashiya naseVenezuela, isebenzisa iinkqubo zokususa i-sulfur ukuze inciphise uxinzelelo lokubonelela, nangona iindleko zonyuke nge-5%.
- Iingxaki zezelizwe kunye nemiqobo yorhwebo
- Imiqathango yokuthumela ngaphandle i-graphite e-US eTshayina: Kunyanzele amashishini aseTshayina ukuba athembele kwi-petroleum coke yasekhaya, nto leyo eyandisa uxinzelelo lwemfuno yangaphakathi.
- Ukuhanjiswa kwexabiso leoyile ekrwada: Ngowama-2024, amaxabiso eoyile aphesheya adlula i-USD 120/umphanda, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abacoci banciphise imveliso, nto leyo eyabangela ukunqongophala kwe-petroleum coke.
III. Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neMimiselo yokusingqongileyo: Iindleko ezinyukayo kunye nokutshintshwa kweTekhnoloji
- Imigaqo-nkqubo Engqongqo Yokusingqongileyo
- Ukwanda kwemfuno ye-coke ye-sulfur ephantsi: I-coke ye-petroleum ye-sulfur ephantsi (umxholo we-sulfur <0.5%) ibone imfuno ephezulu kakhulu kune-coke ye-sulfur ephezulu ngenxa yokuthobela imigangatho yokusingqongileyo, nto leyo eyandisa umsantsa wamaxabiso.
- Iindleko eziphezulu zemveliso: Ukunyuka kweendleko zokuthobela imithetho yokusingqongileyo kubavelisi be-petroleum coke kwenze amaxabiso anyuka.
- Ingozi yokutshintshwa kobuchwepheshe
- Ukwanda kwee-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon: Ukuveliswa kweTesla ngobuninzi beebhetri ezingama-4680 ezinee-anode ze-silicon-carbon kuphucule uxinano lwamandla ngama-20%. Amaxabiso aphezulu e-petroleum coke asenokukhawulezisa olu hlobo lokutshintshwa.
- Ukuphinda kuvele igrafiti yendalo: Igrafiti yendalo eguqulweyo ngumphezulu (umz., ii-nano-silicon carbide coatings) ifikelele kubomi bomjikelo obudlula imijikelo engama-2,000 ngexabiso eliphantsi ngama-30% kunegrafiti yokwenziwa, ithatha indawo yemfuno ye-petroleum coke.
IV. Imvakalelo yeMarike kunye nokuQikelelwa kweNgxowa-mali
- Ukwahlulwa kweendlela zokudlulisela amaxabiso
- Uxinzelelo lwamaxabiso olusezantsi: Amashishini aphambili ebhetri ye-lithium aseTshayina afuna ukuncitshiswa kwamaxabiso nge-15% kwizixhobo ze-anode, nto leyo enciphisa ingeniso epheleleyo yabavelisi be-petroleum coke abanemifanekiso ukusuka kwi-35% ukuya kwi-8%.
- Imiqathango yokuhlawula eyongezelelweyo: Imijikelo yee-akhawunti ezifunyenweyo yolulwe ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kwezingama-180, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko wokuhamba kwemali kumashishini amancinci naphakathi.
- Amaqamza oMbane kunye nokuHlanganisa iShishini
- Uxinaniso lwemarike: I-CR5 (amashishini amahlanu aphezulu) ibone isabelo semarike sinyuka ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-85%, kwaye iinkampani eziphuma emva kwazo ziphuma ngobuninzi.
- Ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi: Iifemu zaseJapan nezaseMzantsi Korea (umz., iPOSCO Chemical) zikhawulezise ukuthengwa kwabavelisi baseTshayina abakwinqanaba lesibini ukuze zifumane isabelo semarike esiseleyo.
V. Imbono Yekamva: Ibhalansi Yeemfuno Zobonelelo kunye Namanqaku Okunyuka Kwamaxabiso
- Iingcinezelo Eziphantsi
- 2H 2025: Umthamo omtsha wokucoca kuMbindi Mpuma naseIndiya kulindeleke ukuba unciphise umsantsa wokubonelela nge-coke ene-sulfur ephantsi uye kwi-5%.
- Iingozi Ezingajonganga
- Ioyile ekrwada engaphezulu kwe-USD 150/umphanda: Amaxabiso aphantsi okusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhluza anokubangela ukuba amaxabiso e-petroleum coke aye kwi-RMB 8,000/ngetoni.
- Utshintsho kwiMephu yeTekhnoloji
- Igrafayithi yokwenziwa: Isabelo semarike siya kwehla ukusuka kwi-80% ukuya kwi-60%, nto leyo ehlala iyeyona ndlela iphambili.
- Igrafayithi yendalo: Isabelo siza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya kwi-25%, nto leyo eza kunceda kwiingenelo zeendleko.
- I-silicon-based/hard carbon: Isabelo siya kwanda ukusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-15%, nto leyo evula isigaba sesibini sokukhula.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-16-2025