Ii-electrode zegrafiti zibonise amathuba abalulekileyo okusetyenziswa kwicandelo elitsha lamandla, njengeebhetri ze-sodium-ion kunye neebhetri ze-solid-state. Iimpawu zazo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kunye nolwakhiwo oluneeleya zibonelela ngenkxaso ephambili yokuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri. Okwangoku, zinokuphucula ukhuseleko kwiibhetri ze-solid-state kwaye zandise indawo yokusetyenziswa ngokuphucula ubuchwepheshe kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion.
I. Iibhetri ze-Solid-state: Uzinzo kunye neenzuzo zokhuseleko ze-graphite njengezinto ze-anode
Ulwakhiwo oluneeleya luthintela ukwakheka kwe-lithium dendrites
Ulwakhiwo lwekristale oluneeleya zegraphite lunokukhokela ngempumelelo i-intercalation efanayo kunye ne-deintercalation yee-ion ze-lithium, kuthintelwe umngcipheko we-short-circuit obangelwa yi-dendrites engena kwi-separator, kwaye kuphuculwe kakhulu ukusebenza kokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-solid-state. Olu phawu lwenza i-graphite ibe yenye yezisombululo ezikhethwayo zezinto ze-anode kwiibhetri ze-solid-state.
Uzinzo lweekhemikhali LIYAZIQHAGAMSHELANA neendawo ezixineneyo
Iibhetri ze-Solid-state zisebenzisa ii-electrolytes eziqinileyo endaweni yee-electrolytes ezingamanzi, nto leyo enika uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza kunye ne-voltage ephezulu. I-Graphite inokugcina uzinzo lwesakhiwo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, iqinisekisa ubomi bomjikelo wexesha elide weebhetri kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuthembeka kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla.
Amathuba okuphinda-phinda ubuchwepheshe
Ngokuphucula inkqubo yokulungiselela (njengokwenza i-nanorization kunye nokwambathisa umphezulu), uxinano lwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha itshaja kwii-anode ze-graphite kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ii-anode ze-silicon-carbon ezidityaniswe nezinto ezisekelwe kwi-silicon ziye zavelisa ngobuninzi, zinamandla athile aphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunalawo e-graphite yendabuko, ngaloo ndlela ziba yindlela ebalulekileyo yezisombululo zoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kwiibhetri ezisemgangathweni.
Iibhetri zeSodium-ion: Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye neenzuzo zexabiso zeGraphite Anodes
Ubuchule kwindlela yokudibanisa i-sodium ion
Imbono yendabuko ithi isithuba esiphakathi kwe-graphite (malunga ne-0.335nm) asinakwamkela ii-ion ze-sodium (ezinobubanzi obuyi-0.36nm), kodwa izifundo zakutshanje zifikelele ekudibaneni okuguquguqukayo kwee-ion ze-sodium ngokwandisa isithuba esiphakathi kwe-graphite ngokusebenzisa i-ball milling okanye ngokusebenzisa ii-compounds ze-sodium-oxide ukwenza ii-block reactions. Olu phuhliso luvule indlela entsha yokusetyenziswa kwe-graphite kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion.
Iingenelo zeendleko kunye nezixhobo
Ihlabathi lityebile kwiindawo zokugcina i-graphite kwaye lisasazeke kakhulu. I-China ithatha ngaphezulu kwe-60% yamandla emveliso yehlabathi, kwaye ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza liphantsi kakhulu kunelezixhobo ze-lithium. Ukuba iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zamkela ii-anode ze-graphite, zinokunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zebhetri kwaye zikhawulezise inkqubo yazo yokuthengisa kwiindawo ezifana nokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nezithuthi zombane ezihamba ngesantya esiphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubambisana kwezinto eziqinileyo zekhabhoni
I-hard carbon iye yaba yinto ephambili ye-anode kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esingalungelelananga kunye nendawo enkulu phakathi kweeleya, kodwa ineengxaki zokusebenza okuphantsi kokuqala kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ukudibanisa i-graphite kunye ne-hard carbon kunokulinganisela ukusebenza kunye neendleko. Umzekelo, itekhnoloji ye-hard carbon egqunywe yi-asphalt ibonelela ngokhetho olungcono lwe-anode kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion ngokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kombane, ukunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lomjikelo.
Iii. Abaqhubi beMarike kunye noBume beMizi-mveliso
Imfuno yamandla amatsha ibone ukukhula okukhulu
Intengiso yehlabathi yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla ibisoloko ikhula, kwaye imfuno yeebhetri ezihlala ixesha elide nezingabizi kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla inyukile, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukwanda kwemarike yezinto ze-anode zebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Imveliso yehlabathi yezixhobo ze-anode kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiitoni ezizizigidi ezi-2.625 ngo-2025, phakathi kwazo i-graphite ingaphezulu kwe-98%, ibe yinto ephambili kwicandelo elitsha lamandla.
Ugcino lwetekhnoloji yeshishini kunye nokwandiswa kwamandla
I-Shanshan Co., Ltd. ikhuthaza ukuveliswa ngobuninzi kwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-silicon. Ii-anode zekhabhoni eqinileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion kunye neebhetri eziqinileyo. Umthamo wemveliso owakhiweyo yi-1,000 yeetoni kwaye umthamo ongekakhiwa yi-40,000 yeetoni.
I-Yicheng New Energy: Ixhomekeke kwiingenelo zeqela kwimithombo ye-hydrogen, ikhabhoni kunye ne-silicon, yakhe inkqubo yemizi-mveliso "yezixhobo zekhabhoni eziphezulu + ukuhlanganiswa kokugcinwa komthombo-igridi-umthwalo-ugcino". Inkampani yayo ephethwe ngokupheleleyo, iKaifeng Carbon, inesabelo semarike yasekhaya esingaphezulu kwe-30% kwimveliso yayo ephambili, i-UHPΦ 600-700mm graphite electrodes, ebambe isikhundla esiphezulu kwishishini.
I-Catl kunye ne-BTR: Ziphuhlise ngokudibeneyo izixhobo ze-anode ze-graphite ezinoxinano oluphezulu ukuphucula uxinano lwamandla ebhetri kunye nobomi bomjikelo, kwaye zidibanise isikhundla sazo esiphambili kubuchwepheshe.
Imigaqo-nkqubo nemigangatho zikhokelela ekuphuculweni kwemizi-mveliso
I-China ikhuphe amaxwebhu omgaqo-nkqubo anjenge-"Regulatory Conditions for the Graphite Industry" kunye ne-"Development Plan for the New Energy Vehicle Industry", ekhuthaza ukuguqulwa koshishino oluya kuphuhliso oluphezulu, olukrelekrele noluluhlaza. Amashishini aphucula amandla awo okuthetha ngobuchwepheshe kunye nokukhuphisana kwemarike ngokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo (njengokubeka amandla okuzenzela e-needle coke) kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekuqulunqweni kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (njengemigangatho yovavanyo lwe-ISO graphite electrode).
Iv. Iindlela Nemingeni Yexesha Elizayo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha
Uphando oluhlangeneyo kunye nophuhliso lwezinto ze-graphene kunye ne-electrode, kunye nokwenza ngcono ujongano phakathi kwe-electrolytes eziqinileyo kunye ne-graphite anodes, kuya kuba sisitshixo sokugqitha kwimida yoxinano lwamandla. Umzekelo, iibhetri ezisekwe kwi-graphene zinokuphucula uluhlu lokuqhuba kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno zezithuthi zombane eziphezulu.
Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Izinga lokubuyiselwa kothuli lwegrafiti kufuneka linyuswe liye kwi-99.9%, kwaye iteknoloji yokuvelisa ubushushu benkunkuma ye-calcination inokubuyisela i-35% yamandla asetyenziswayo. Amashishini kufuneka akhe inkqubo evaliweyo "yokuvelisa - ukuphinda kusetyenziswe - ukuhlaziya" ukuze ihambelane nemigangatho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo yamazwe ngamazwe efana nerhafu yekhabhoni ye-EU.
Ukwandiswa kweemarike ezisakhulayo
Nge-"Belt and Road Initiative", amashishini e-graphite aseTshayina athumele ubuchwepheshe bawo kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, e-Afrika nakwezinye iindawo, kwaye aseka iziseko zemveliso zasekuhlaleni ukuze kuthintelwe imiqobo yorhwebo. Umzekelo, kwakhiwa isiseko semveliso yezinto ze-graphite anode eMalaysia ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekuhlaleni zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-22-2025