Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-graphite dust kunye ne-waste electrodes?

Iindlela ezipheleleyo zokuNyanga ii-Electrodes zeGraphite Dust kunye neWaste

I. Unyango lothuli lweGraphite: Intsebenziswano yeTekhnoloji eNyingi yoLawulo oluSebenzayo

1. Ulawulo lwemithombo kunye neeTekhnoloji zokuBamba

• Inkqubo Evaliweyo kunye neeHoods Ezivalekileyo: Faka iiHoods ezivalekileyo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa uthuli (umz., ukutyumza, ukuvavanya, ukuhambisa) zidibene nezihluzi zeebhegi ezisebenzayo kakhulu (umz., iibhegi eziqokelelweyo zothuli ezihlanganisiweyo ze-electrostatic). Oku kunciphisa uxinano lokuvelisa uthuli ukusuka kwi-2,000–3,000 mg/m³ ukuya kuxinano lokukhupha uthuli oluyi-20–30 mg/m³, nto leyo efikelela kwi-99% yokusebenza kakuhle kokususa uthuli.
• Izixhobo Zokususa Uthuli Ezingaqhumiyo: Ngenxa yokuba uthuli lwegrafiti luhamba lula kwaye lunokutsha lula, sebenzisa abaqokeleli bothuli abangakwaziyo ukuqhuma (umz., abahluli beenkanyamba kunye nezihluzi zeengxowa ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma) ukunciphisa iingozi zokuqhuma xa zidityaniswe nezinto ezinokutsha.
• Iinkqubo zokuQokelela uThuli oluManzi: Sebenzisa izitshizi zesisombululo ezisekelwe emanzini ukuhlalisa amasuntswana othuli, ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Qaphela: Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ze-electrode zomile (umz., 60–80°C kwi-oven ye-convection iyure e-1) ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwe-dielectric oil.

2. Ulawulo lokuCoca kunye nokuKhupha Umoya

• Inkqubo yokuCoca iMigangatho emininzi: Pholisa ukukhupha umoya oshushu okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa ii-heat exchangers, uze uwudlulise ngokulandelelana kwisihluli se-cyclone (kwii-particles ezinkulu), i-alkaline scrubber (ukuphelisa iigesi ze-acidic), kunye ne-activated carbon adsorption tower (yokususa i-VOC). Ukukhupha kokugqibela kwenzeka nge-exhaust stack yeemitha ezili-15, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.Umgangatho wokukhupha ungcoliseko lomoya kwimithombo eqhelekileyo(GB 16297-1996).
• Ukubeka iliso kwi-Intanethi kunye nokuphucula: Faka ii-sensors zezinto ezincinci kunye noxinzelelo lwe-VOC ukuze ulungise ngokuguquguqukayo iiparameter ezifana ne-scrubber solution pH kunye ne-activated carbon replacement intervals, ugcine uxinano lokukhupha olungaphantsi kwe-120 mg/m³.

3. Amanyathelo Olawulo Oluncedisayo

• Ukufuma kwezinto: Faka izinto ezithintela uthuli (umz. isisombululo se-polyacrylamide) kwiindawo zokugcina i-ore kunye namachibi angasemva, ugcine ukufuma komphezulu kwi-6-8% ukunciphisa uthuli olubalekayo.
• Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokukhuselwa kwabasebenzi: Coca rhoqo iingxowa zokucoca, uhlole izitywino zemibhobho, kwaye uxhobise abaqhubi ngee-respirator ze-N95 kunye neempahla ezingangeni uthuli ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokungasebenzi.

II. Unyango lwe-Waste Graphite Electrode: Ukulinganisela uBuyiselo lweZixhobo kunye nokuLahlwa kweNdalo

1. Unyango lwangaphambi konyango lomzimba

• Ukuhlela nokuCoca: Hlukanisa ii-electrode ngohlobo (umz., amandla aqhelekileyo, amandla aphezulu), susa ukungcola kweoyile kunye nesinyithi kumphezulu, kwaye ucoce usebenzisa oomatshini be-ultrasonic (i-frequency ye-40 kHz) imizuzu eli-10–15.
• Ukutyumza nokuHlola: Sebenzisa ii-jaw crushers ukunciphisa ii-electrode ukuya kuma-≤50 mm particles, uze uzihluze ngezikrini ezingcangcazelayo. Gcina ama-particle angama-5–50 mm ukuze kuveliswe i-electrode evuselelweyo.

2. Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona

• Ukwenziwa kweGraphitization yoBushushu obuPhezulu: Fudumeza amasuntswana kwisithando sokwenziwa kweGraphitization kwi-2,800–3,000°C kangangeeyure ezi-4–6 ukususa ukungcola okuguquguqukayo (umz., isalfure, initrogen), ukuphakamisa umxholo wekhabhoni ozinzileyo ukuya kwi-≥99.5%.
• Ukuvuza kwe-asidi ukuze kususwe ukungcola: Nxiba amasuntswana atyumkileyo kwi-15–20% ye-hydrochloric acid kwi-80–90°C kangangeeyure ezi-2 ukuze kususwe i-aluminium, i-iron, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zesinyithi. Nciphisa i-filtrate ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe.

3. Ukuphinda usebenzise i-Alloy Electrode ekhethekileyo

• Ukwahlulwa kwePlatinum-Iridium Electrode: Kwii-electrodes zezinga lezonyango eziqulethe ii-platinum-iridium alloys, nyibilikisa iplatinum kwi-aqua regia (80°C kangangeeyure ezi-3). Khupha i-iridium nge-electrolysis yetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo (inkqubo ye-NaCl-KCl kwi-700°C) kwaye ucocise zombini zibe yi-99.99% yobumsulwa usebenzisa ukunyibilika kwendawo.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Electrode Esekelwe kwiCopper: Crush inkunkuma ye-electrodes ye-copper-graphite, yahlula i-graphite (ubuninzi: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) kunye nomgubo we-copper (ubunzima: 8.9 g/cm³) ngokuflotha, kwaye ucoca umgubo we-copper ube yi-copper ecocekileyo kakhulu nge-electrolysis (ubunzima bangoku: 200 A/m²).

III. Uhlalutyo lweTekhnoloji-uQoqosho kunye neZifundo zeMicimbi yoShishino

1. Uthelekiso lweendleko neenzuzo

• Izihluzi zeengxowa: Utyalo-mali lokuqala: ~¥500,000; iindleko zokusebenza: ¥0.2/m³ yegesi yokukhupha umoya. Ifanelekile kumashishini amakhulu e-graphite electrode (umthamo wokukhupha umoya wonyaka ≥100,000 m³).
• Iinkqubo zokuQokelela uThuli oluManzi: Utyalo-mali kwizixhobo: ¥200,000; ixabiso lesisombululo esisekelwe emanzini: ¥0.5/toni yamanzi amdaka. Ilungele iiworkshop ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Waste Electrode: Itoni nganye ivelisa i-graphite engama-850 kg (ixabiso le-¥3,000) kunye neentsimbi ezili-150 kg (ixabiso le-¥5,000), nto leyo evelisa ingeniso iyonke eyi-¥8,000. Ixesha lokubuyisela utyalo-mali: iminyaka eli-1.5–2.

2. Izifundo zeMicimbi yoShishino

• I-Graphite Electrode Enterprise Ephambili: Yamkela inkqubo ethi “静电袋式除尘器 (isihluzo sebhegi ye-electrostatic) + i-activated carbon adsorption tower”, inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwee-particles ukusuka kwi-2,000 mg/m³ ukuya kwi-15 mg/m³ kwaye ifezekisa ukususwa kwe-VOC nge-95%. Isohlwayo sonyaka sendalo sincitshiswe nge-¥2 yezigidi.
• Isityalo sokuHlaziya iiElectrode zezonyango: Ii-alloys zeplatinum-iridium ezifunyenweyo zafikelela kwi-99.99% yobumsulwa nge-electrolysis yetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, esetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ye-pacemaker. Igcine i-¥1.2 yezigidi ngetoni nganye yee-electrode zenkunkuma kwiindleko zezinto eziluhlaza.

IV. Izikhokelo zoMgaqo-nkqubo kunye noLawulo

• Imigangatho yokukhupha ukungcola: Thobela imiqathangoUmgangatho wokukhupha ungcoliseko kwiShishini leGraphite(GB 31573-2015), iyalela ukuba kubekho ukukhutshwa kwee-particulate ≤30 mg/m³ kunye nee-VOC ≤100 mg/m³.
• Izikhuthazo zoKubuyiselwa kweZixhobo: Khuthaza ukwamkelwa kweIinkcukacha zobuchwephesha zokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-Waste Graphite Electrodes(GB/T 35164-2017) kunye nezikhuthazo zerhafu (umz., imbuyekezo ye-70% ye-VAT kwiimveliso zegrafiti ezivuselelweyo).
• Imigaqo yoKhuseleko: LandelaIkhowudi yoKhuseleko yoThintelo lokuqhuma koThuli(GB 15577-2018), ifuna izixhobo zokunceda ukuqhuma (uxinzelelo: 0.01–0.02 MPa) kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-electrostatic grounding kwiinkqubo zokususa uthuli.