Ithini impembelelo yesakhiwo se-petroleum coke (esifana nenaliti, esifana ne-spongy, nesifana ne-pellet) kwisantya sokuncipha kwe-calcination kunye noxinano lokwenyani?

1. I-Needle Coke: Umzekelo oQhelekileyo wokuncipha okuphantsi kunye noxinano oluphezulu lokwenyani

• Iimpawu zolwakhiwo: I-Needle coke inesakhiwo esine-fibrous okanye esinde esineembobo ezinde ze-elliptical ezicwangciswe ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Esi sakhiwo sibonisa amandla agqwesileyo okuqina ngexesha le-calcination.
• Ukuncipha kweCalcination:
  • I-Needle coke inesantya esiphantsi sokuncipha, esiqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-10% ukuya kwi-20%. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olune-fibrous lufikelela ekuncipheni ngokulungiswa kwakhona kweemolekyuli kunye nokuvalwa kweembobo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, ngelixa ulungiselelo olucwangcisiweyo lweembobo lunciphisa indawo yokuncipha okuphazamisekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa isantya sokuncipha ngokubanzi.
  • Umzekelo, kwi-calcination ye-1300°C, ukuncitshiswa kwevolumu ye-needle coke kunokuba sisiqingatha kuphela kune-sponge coke, ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukusasaza uxinzelelo lobushushu ngokulinganayo.
• Uxinano Lokwenene:
  • I-Needle coke inobunzima obuphezulu bokwenyani, ngokubanzi ifikelela kwi-2.10–2.15 g/cm³. Oku kubonisa inqanaba layo eliphezulu le-graphitization kunye nesakhiwo sekristale esixineneyo, esinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokulungelelaniswa kweengqimba zekhabhoni kwisakhiwo sayo se-fibrous.
  • Izifundo zibonisa ukuba uxinano lokwenyani lwe-needle coke luphezulu malunga ne-5%–10% kunolwe-sponge coke, ngenxa yeziphene ezimbalwa zesakhiwo kunye nokuqina kongqimba lwekhabhoni.

2. I-Sponge Coke: Umzekelo oQhelekileyo wokuncipha okuphezulu kunye noxinano oluphantsi lokwenyani

• Iimpawu zolwakhiwo: I-sponge coke inesakhiwo esifana nesiponji esineembobo ezingaqhelekanga kunye neembobo ezisasazekileyo, iindonga ezincinci (char wall), kunye nokuqhekeka.
• Ukuncipha kweCalcination:
  • I-Sponge coke inezinga eliphezulu lokuncitshiswa, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-30% ukuya kwi-50%. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olunemingxuma oluphazamisekileyo lunokudilika kwemingxuma ngexesha le-calcination ngenxa yokukhululwa okuguquguqukayo kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu, okukhokelela ekuncitshisweni okukhulu.
  • Umzekelo, xa i-calcination ifikelela kwi-1200°C, ukuncipha kwe-volumetric ye-sponge coke kunokudlula i-40%, okungaphezulu kakhulu kune-needle coke.
• Uxinano Lokwenene:
  • I-sponge coke inobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu, ngokubanzi iphakathi kwe-1.90 kunye ne-2.05 g/cm³. Oku kubangelwa linani elikhulu lee-residue pores kunye nokulungelelaniswa okungacwangciswanga kwee-carbon layers kwisakhiwo sayo, nto leyo ebangela iziphene ezininzi zekristale.
  • Xa kuthelekiswa ne-needle coke, uxinano lokwenyani lwe-sponge coke lunokuba ngaphantsi nge-10%–15%, ngenxa yokungoneli koxinano.

3. I-Shot Coke: Imeko Ephakathi Enokuncipha Okuphakathi kunye Nobuninzi Bokwenyani

• Iimpawu zolwakhiwo: I-shot coke ibonakala ngathi yi-spherical okanye i-pellet, inomphezulu oqinileyo kunye nee-pores ezimbalwa, ezimele ulwakhiwo oluphakathi kwe-needle coke kunye ne-sponge coke.
• Ukuncipha kweCalcination:
  • I-Shot coke idla ngokuba nesantya sokuncipha esiqala kwi-20% ukuya kwi-30%. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluyingqukuva luncipha ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomphezulu ngexesha le-calcination, kodwa i-porosity yangaphakathi encinci ithintela ubukhulu bokuncipha.
  • Umzekelo, kwi-calcination ye-1250°C, ukuncipha kwevolumu ye-shot coke kungaba yi-25%, phakathi kwe-needle coke kunye ne-sponge coke.
• Uxinano Lokwenene:
  • I-Shot coke ngokubanzi inoxinano lokwenyani oluphakathi kwe-2.00 kunye ne-2.10 g/cm³. Uxinano lwayo lolwakhiwo lungcono kune-sponge coke kodwa lungaphantsi kune-needle coke, nto leyo ebangela uxinano lokwenyani oluphakathi.
  • Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubuninzi bokwenyani be-shot coke buphezulu malunga ne-5% kunobo be-sponge coke kodwa buphantsi nge-3%–5% kunobo be-needle coke.

Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lobudlelwane phakathi kolwakhiwo kunye nepropathi

• Indlela Yokunciphisa Ubunzima:
  • Ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-needle coke lunciphisa iindlela zokushwabana ezingalungelelananga, lunciphisa izinga lokushwabana kwayo; ulwakhiwo oluqhekekileyo lwe-sponge coke lukhokelela ekushwabaneni okuphezulu ngenxa yokuwa kwe-pore; ulwakhiwo olungqukuva lwe-shot coke lufikelela ekushwabaneni okuphakathi ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomphezulu.
• Indlela Yokwenyani Yoxinano:
  • Uxinano lokwenyani lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo noxinano lwesakhiwo sekristale. Ulungelelwaniso lwemaleko yekhabhoni ecwangcisiweyo kunye noxinano oluphantsi lwe-needle coke lubangela uxinano lokwenyani oluphezulu; isakhiwo esiphazamisekileyo kunye neembobo eziseleyo ze-sponge coke zinciphisa uxinano lokwenyani; i-shot coke ibonisa iimpawu eziphakathi.
• Iingcebiso zokuphucula inkqubo:
  • Kwizicelo ezifuna ukuncitshiswa okuphantsi kunye noxinano oluphezulu (umz., ii-electrodes ze-graphite ezinamandla aphezulu), i-needle coke iyathandwa;
  • Kwizicelo ezixabisa kancinci ezineemfuno zokusebenza eziphantsi (umz., ipetroli), i-sponge coke okanye i-shot coke inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo;
  • Ukulungisa ubushushu be-calcination (umz., ngaphezulu kwe-1300°C) kunye nesantya sokufudumeza (umz., ngaphantsi kwe-50°C/min) kunokuphucula ngakumbi uxinano lokwenyani kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-needle coke.