Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubala, indlela esebenza ngayo i-microscopic apho "ukutsha kakhulu" kukhokelela ekunciphiseni uxinano lokwenyani inxulumene kakhulu ne-oxidation okanye ukunyibilika komda weenkozo, ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweenkozo, kunye nomonakalo wesakhiwo, njengoko kuhlalutywe ngokweenkcukacha ngezantsi:
- Ukunyibilika okanye ukunyibilika komda weenkozo: Ukulahleka kwamandla okubopha phakathi kweegranular
Ukwenziwa kwezigaba ze-eutectic ezinyibilikayo kancinci: Xa ubushushu be-calcination budlula iqondo lokunyibilika kwe-eutectic ezinyibilikayo kancinci kwizinto, isakhiwo se-eutectic kwimida yeenkozo siyanyibilika ngokukhethekileyo, senze isigaba solwelo. Umzekelo, kwi-aluminium alloys, ii-re-melted spheres okanye iindawo ezi-triangular re-melted zones zinokwenzeka, ngelixa kwi-carbon steels, i-grain boundary oxidation okanye i-localized melting inokwenzeka.
Ukungena kweegesi ezikhupha ioksijini: Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iigesi ezikhupha ioksijini (ezifana neoksijini) ziyasasazeka ziye kwimida yeenkozo kwaye zisabela kwizinto ezikwizinto, zivelise ii-oxide. Ezi oxides zenza buthathaka ngakumbi amandla okubopha phakathi kweegranular, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwahlukaneni kweenkozo.
Umonakalo wolwakhiwo: Emva kokunyibilika komda weenkozo okanye i-oxidation, amandla okubopha phakathi kweegranular ayancipha kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukwakheka kwee-microcracks okanye ii-pores ngaphakathi kwezinto. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima obusebenzayo ngeyunithi nganye, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni uxinano lokwenyani. - Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweenkozo: Ukwanda kweziphene zangaphakathi
Ukurhabaxa kweenkozo ngenxa yokushisa kakhulu: Ukutsha kakhulu kudla ngokuhamba nokushisa kakhulu, apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu okanye ixesha elide lokubamba libangela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweenkozo ze-austenite. Umzekelo, iintsimbi zekhabhoni zinokuphuhlisa izakhiwo zeWidmanstätten emva kokutsha kakhulu, ngelixa iintsimbi zezixhobo zinokwenza i-ledeburite efana nethambo lentlanzi.
Ukwanda kweziphene zangaphakathi: Iinkozo ezirhabaxa zinokuba neziphene ezininzi ezifana nokudilika kunye nezithuba, nto leyo enciphisa uxinano lwezinto. Ukongeza, ii-gas pores okanye ii-microcracks zinokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhula kweenkozo, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima ngeyunithi nganye.
Ukuncipha kobunzima obusebenzayo: Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweenkozo kukhokelela kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi esikhululekileyo kwizinto, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima obusebenzayo ngeyunithi nganye yomthamo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela ekunciphiseni uxinano lokwenyani. - Umonakalo wezakhiwo ezincinci: Ukuwohloka kweempawu zezinto eziphathekayo
Iisphere ezinyibilikisiweyo kwakhona kunye neendawo ezinyibilikisiweyo kwakhona ezinxantathu: Kwii-alloys ze-aluminium kunye nezinye izinto, ukutsha kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweesphere ezinyibilikisiweyo kwakhona okanye iindawo ezinyibilikisiweyo kwakhona ezinxantathu kwimida yeenkozo. Ubukho bezi ndawo buyaphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwezinto kwaye kwandisa ukuvuleka.
Ukwandiswa kwemida yeenkozo kunye nokuqhekeka kwee-microcracks: Emva kokutsha kakhulu, imida yeenkozo inokwandiswa ngenxa ye-oxidation okanye ukunyibilika, okuhamba nokwakheka kwee-microcracks. Ezi microcracks zinokungena ngaphakathi kwezinto, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni uxinano lokwenyani.
Ukungaguquki kweempawu: Umonakalo wesakhiwo esincinci obangelwa kukutsha kakhulu awuqhelekanga ukuguquka, kwaye kwanonyango lobushushu olulandelayo lusenokungabuyisi ngokupheleleyo uxinano lwento yokuqala.
Imizekelo kunye nokuqinisekiswa
Ukutshiswa kakhulu kwee-alloy ze-aluminium: Xa ubushushu bokufudumeza kwee-alloy ze-aluminium budlula ubushushu bazo obuphantsi bokunyibilika kwe-eutectic, imida yeenkozo iyaqina okanye inyibilike, yenze ii-spheres ezinyibilikisiweyo kwakhona okanye iindawo eziphindwe kathathu ezinyibilikisiweyo kwakhona. Ubukho bale mimandla kunciphisa kakhulu uxinano lokwenyani lwezixhobo ngelixa kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kweempawu zoomatshini.
Ukutsha kakhulu kweentsimbi zekhabhoni: Emva kokutsha kakhulu, iintsimbi zekhabhoni zinokwenza izinto ezifana ne-iron oxide okanye i-manganese sulfide kwimida yeengqolowa, nto leyo enciphisa amandla okubopha phakathi kweegranular kwaye ikhokelele ekwahlukaneni kweengqolowa. Ukongeza, ukutsha kakhulu kunokubangela ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zeWidmanstätten, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi uxinano lwezinto.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-27-2026