Zeziphi iiparameter eziphambili ekufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-coke yokugqibela ye-petroleum enemifanekiso?

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-graphitized petroleum coke, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokungqongqo ezi parameters zilandelayo ziphambili ukusuka ekukhetheni izinto eziluhlaza, unyango lwangaphambi konyango, inkqubo ye-graphitization ukuya emva konyango ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela:

I. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nonyango lwangaphambi kwexesha

Umxholo weSulfur

• Umgangatho woLawulo: Umxholo wesalfure kwi-petroleum coke eluhlaza kufuneka ube yi-≤0.5%. I-high-sulfur coke inokubangela ukwanda kwegesi ngexesha le-graphitization, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemveliso.
• Impembelelo: Ukunciphisa nganye i-0.1% kumxholo wesalfure kunciphisa izinga lokuqhekeka kwemveliso nge-15%-20% kwaye kunciphisa ukumelana kwayo ne-resistim nge-5%-8%.

Umxholo wothuthu

• Umgangatho woLawulo: Umxholo wothuthu kufuneka ube yi-≤0.3%, ukungcola okuphambili kube zii-oxide zesinyithi ezifana nesinyithi, i-silicon, kunye ne-calcium.
• Impembelelo: Ukwanda kwe-0.1% kumxholo wothuthu kunyusa ukumelana kwemveliso nge-10%-15% kwaye kunciphisa amandla oomatshini nge-8%-10%.

Ukusasazwa kobungakanani beenxalenye

• Umgangatho woLawulo: I-granular coke kufuneka ibe yi-≥80%, ngelixa i-powdered coke (ubukhulu bamasuntswana <0.5 mm) kufuneka ibe yi-≤20%.
• Impembelelo: I-coke egudileyo kakhulu ingakhokelela ekugayweni kwe-cake ngexesha le-calcination, nto leyo echaphazela ukususwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo; ukuphuculwa kokufana kwe-coke engqukuva kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-graphitization nge-5%-10%.

Inkqubo yokuKhala

• Ubushushu: 1200-1400°C kangangeeyure ezi-8-12.
• Umsebenzi: Isusa izinto eziguquguqukayo (ukusuka kwi-8%-15% ukuya kwi-<1%) kwaye yonyusa uxinano lokwenyani (ukusuka kwi-1.9 g/cm³ ukuya kwi-≥2.05 g/cm³).
• Indawo yoLawulo: Uxinano lokwenyani emva kokuba i-calcination kufuneka ibe yi-≥2.08 g/cm³; kungenjalo, ubunzima be-graphitization buyanda, kwaye ukuxhathisa kuyanyuka.

II. Inkqubo yokuguqula iGraphitization

Ulawulo lobushushu

• Ipharamitha engundoqo: 2800-3000°C, igcinwe iiyure ezingama-48-72.
• Impembelelo:
  • Ukunyuka kobushushu kwi-100°C kwandisa ubukhristalo nge-5%-8% kwaye kunciphisa ukuxhathisa nge-3%-5%.
  • Ubushushu obungonelanga (<2700°C) bubangela intsalela yekhabhoni engaguqukiyo, kunye nokumelana kwemveliso >15 μΩ·m; ubushushu obugqithisileyo (>3100°C) bunokubangela umonakalo kwisakhiwo sekhabhoni.

Ubushushu obufanayo

• Umgangatho woLawulo: Umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwesiseko sesithando somlilo kunye nomphetho ≤150°C, kunye nesithuba se-thermocouple ≤30 cm.
• Impembelelo: Ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu nge-50°C kwandisa utshintsho lokumelana nemozulu nge-10%-15% kwaye kunciphisa isivuno semveliso nge-5%-8%.

Izinga lokuFudumeza

• Umgangatho woLawulo:
  • Inqanaba lama-25-800°C: ≤3°C/h (ukuthintela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lobushushu).
  • Inqanaba le-800-1250°C: ≤5°C/h (ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sekhabhoni esicwangcisiweyo).
• Impembelelo: Amazinga okufudumeza agqithisileyo abangela ukuncipha komthamo wemveliso odlula i-15%, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni.

Umoya oKhuselayo

• Umgangatho woLawulo: Izinga lokuhamba kweNitrogen eliyi-0.8-1.2 m³/h, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ye-argon/vacuum.
• Umsebenzi: Ukuthintela i-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa umxholo wokungcola (umz., umxholo weoksijini uyancipha ukusuka kwi-0.5% ukuya kwi-0.1%).

III. Emva koNyango kunye nokuHlambuluka

Izinga lokuPholisa

• Umgangatho woLawulo: Izinga lokuphola elicothayo ≤20°C/h emva kokwenziwa kwegrafu.
• Impembelelo: Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kubangela uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lobushushu, kunciphisa ukumelana nobushushu bemveliso ngama-30%-50%.

Ukutyumza kunye nokuHlola

• Umgangatho woLawulo: Ubungakanani besuntswana D50 bulawulwa kwi-10-20 μm, kunye nophahla lomphezulu (umz., i-pitch okanye i-chemical vapor deposition) ukufana kobukhulu ≤5%.
• Umsebenzi: Ulungisa imo yeenxalenye zesuntswana kwaye wonyusa uxinano lwemveliso (ukusuka kwi-0.8 g/cm³ ukuya kwi-≥1.2 g/cm³).

Unyango lokuCoca

• Ukucocwa kweHalogen: Igesi yeCl₂ isabela kwi-1900-2300°C kangangeeyure ezingama-24, inciphisa umxholo wokungcola ukuya kwi-≤50 ppm.
• Ukucocwa kweVacuum: Kugcinwa kwi-vacuum ye-10⁻³ Pa iiyure ezingama-50, kufikelela kumxholo wokungcola okupheleleyo ≤10 ppm (kwizicelo eziphezulu).

IV. Isishwankathelo seeNdawo zoLawulo eziPhambili

V. Iindlela zobuchwephesha kunye nezikhokelo zokuphucula

Ulawulo lweSakhiwo se-Ultrafine: Phuhlisa itekhnoloji yokulungiselela umgubo we-coke oyi-0.1-1 μm ukuphucula i-isotropy kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukuya kwi-<5 μΩ·m.
IiNkqubo zoMveliso ezikrelekrele: Sebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo olutshintshatshintshayo lwentsimi yobushushu ezisekwe kwidijithali ukuze kwandiswe isivuno ukuya kuma-95%.
Iinkqubo eziluhlaza: Sebenzisa i-hydrogen njengesixhobo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂; sebenzisa iteknoloji yokubuyisela ubushushu obumdaka ukuze unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10%-15%.

Ngokulawula ngokungqongqo ezi parameters, i-graphitized petroleum coke inokufikelela kumxholo wekhabhoni ≥99.9%, i-resistivity ye-5-7 μΩ·m, kunye ne-thermal expansion coefficient ye-1.5-2.5×10⁻⁶/°C, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo zoshishino eziphezulu.