Ikhabhoni ezinzileyo ephezulu kunye nesalfure ephantsi, initrogen ephantsi kunye nomxholo ophantsi womlotha zibalulekile kwiiarhente ze-carburizing, njengoko ezi mpawu zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-carburing, umgangatho wokubumba kunye neendleko zemveliso, kwaye zezona parameter ziphambili zokuvavanya ukusebenza kweearhente ze-carburizing. Uhlalutyo oluthile lulandelayo:
1. Ikhabhoni ezinzileyo ephezulu: Isiseko sekhabhoni sonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle
Umsebenzi oyintloko: Ikhabhoni ezinzileyo yinxalenye esebenzayo ethatha inxaxheba ngokwenene ekwandeni kwekhabhoni kwisongezelelo sekhabhoni, kwaye umxholo wayo umisela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokwanda kwekhabhoni. Okukhona umxholo wekhabhoni ozinzileyo uphezulu, kokukhona izinto ezininzi zekhabhoni zinokubonelelwa sisongezelelo sekhabhoni ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima, kwaye kokukhona ukusebenza kakuhle kokongeza ikhabhoni kuphezulu.
Uqoqosho: Ikhabhoni ezinzileyo ephezulu inokunciphisa ubungakanani bekhabhoni esetyenzisiweyo kwaye inciphise iindleko zemveliso. Umzekelo, ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni ezinzileyo unyusiwe ukusuka kwi-90% ukuya kwi-95%, ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhabhoni kunokunyuka nge-10% ukuya kwi-15%, ngelixa kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcola okufana nothuthu kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa.
Ukuhambelana kwenkqubo: Kwi-induction furnace smelting, ii-carburizing agents ze-carbon ezizinzileyo eziphezulu zinokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisasazeke ngokulinganayo, ziphephe ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwe-cast okubangelwa kukufunxwa kwe-carbon okungalinganiyo.
2. Umxholo wothuthu ophantsi: Unciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcola kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokunyibilikisa
Ingozi yothuthu: Uthuthu lungcoliseko olungelulo ulwelo lwekhabhoni (ezifana nee-oxide zesinyithi, ii-silicates, njl.njl.). Ukuba umxholo walo uphezulu kakhulu, luya kwenza umaleko we-slag, lugqume amasuntswana ekhabhoni kwaye luthintele ukunyibilika kwawo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu izinga lokufunxwa kwekhabhoni. Umzekelo, xa umxholo wothuthu unyuka ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-5%, izinga lokufunxwa kwekhabhoni linokuhla ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30%.
Umthwalo wenkqubo: Umxholo ophezulu wothuthu uya kwandisa ubungakanani be-slag, wandise ixesha lokucoca i-slag, kwaye wonyuse ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi. Kwisithando sokungenisa umjelo wokunyibilika, ukuqokelelwa kothuthu kunokuwuvala umjelo wokunyibilika kwaye kunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kombane.
Umngcipheko womgangatho: Ukungcola okuseluthuthwini kunokungena kwiindawo ezithungwayo, nto leyo ebangela iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemingxuma, nto leyo enokuchaphazela iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu.
3. I-sulfur ephantsi: Ithintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-spheroidization kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesinyithi esityhidiweyo
Iingozi zesalfure: Isalfure “yinto enobungozi” kwintsimbi ethambileyo. Ingaphazamisana nomsebenzi wee-spheroidizing agents (ezifana ne-magnesium kunye ne-rare earths), nto leyo ebangela ukugqwetheka kunye nokuncipha kwenani lee-graphite spheres, kwanokuvela kwe-flake graphite, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwee-castings.
Iimfuneko zenkqubo: Xa kuveliswa intsimbi ethambileyo, umxholo wesalfure kwintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo yokuqala kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwi-≤0.015%. Ke ngoko, umxholo wesalfure kwisongezelelo sekhabhoni kufuneka ube phantsi kakhulu (ngesiqhelo yi-≤0.05%) ukuze kuthintelwe umngcipheko wokongezwa kwesalfure.
Izinto ezingafaniyo ne-grey cast iron: I-grey cast iron ifuna umxholo othile we-sulfur (0.06%-0.12%) ukuze kuzinziswe i-cementite kwaye kuthintelwe ukwanda kwe-graphitization. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-sulfur we-carburizer usafuna ukulawulwa ngokulinganiselayo ukuze kuthintelwe umxholo we-sulfur ogqithisileyo okhokelela ekuthambekeni kwe-white cast iron.
4. I-nitrogen ephantsi: Ithintela iziphene ze-porosity kwaye iphucula ulwakhiwo lwe-metallographic
Ubunzima be-nitrogen: Kwi-grey cast iron, i-nitrogen ingazinzisa i-pearlite kwaye igobe kwaye ingasebenzi i-graphite, ngaloo ndlela iphucula iipropati zoomatshini (ezifana namandla okuxinana kunye nobunzima). Nangona kunjalo, xa umxholo we-nitrogen udlula uxinzelelo lwe-equilibrium (malunga ne-140ppm), ii-castings zinokwakheka kwee-pores ze-nitrogen ezifana neengxondorha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kwesantya se-scrap.
Ulawulo lwenkqubo: Umxholo we-nitrogen kwi-carburizer esetyenziselwa i-grey cast iron udla ngokulawulwa kwi-70-120 PPM, ngelixa kwi-ductile iron, evakalelwa ngakumbi yi-porosity, kufuneka kukhethwe i-carburizer enomxholo we-nitrogen ophantsi (ofana ne-≤200ppm).
Iimfuneko zokusetyenziswa ezikumgangatho ophezulu: Kwii-castings ezichanekileyo ezifana nee-crankshafts ze-injini, umxholo we-nitrogen ogqithisileyo unokukhokelela kwiipropati zoomatshini ezingaphantsi komgangatho. Ke ngoko, izongezo zekhabhoni ezine-nitrogen ephantsi zibalulekile.
Impembelelo epheleleyo: Isiqinisekiso sokuphosa esisebenzayo, esisemgangathweni ophezulu nesingabizi kakhulu
Ukwanda kwekhabhoni esebenza kakuhle: Ikhabhoni engaguqukiyo kunye nomxholo ophantsi wothuthu ziqinisekisa ukunyibilika nokufunxwa kwekhabhoni ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokunyibilikisa.
Ii-castings ezisemgangathweni ophezulu: I-sulfur ephantsi kunye ne-nitrogen ephantsi zithintela ukungaphumeleli kwe-spheroidization kunye neziphene ze-porosity, ziqinisekisa iipropati zoomatshini kunye nomgangatho womphezulu.
Ulawulo lweendleko: Ngokunciphisa ubungakanani be-carbon additive esetyenzisiweyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nesantya seemveliso ezineziphene, iindleko zemveliso iyonke ziye zehla kakhulu.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweemeko ezithile
I-graphite carbon additive: I-fixed carbon ≥99%, uthuthu ≤0.5%, i-sulfur ≤0.05%, i-nitrogen ≤200ppm. Ifanelekile kwi-ductile iron kwaye inokusebenza kakuhle kokongeza ikhabhoni okungaphezulu kwe-90%.
I-Calcined anthracite carbon additive: I-fixed carbon 90%-95%, i-ash 4%-5%, i-sulfur 0.3%-0.5%, i-nitrogen 800-1200ppm. Ifanelekile kwi-grey cast iron, kodwa idosi kufuneka ilawulwe ukuze kuthintelwe i-sulfur ne-nitrogen eninzi.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-25-2025