Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke nokuqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yee-electrodes ze-graphite, kunye nezinto eziphambili eziqhubayo ezivela kwintsebenziswano yesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo, ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, kunye nemfuno yemarike. Uhlalutyo oluthile lulandelayo:
I. Imiyalelo Eqhutywa Yimigaqo-nkqubo: Ukwanda Kwesabelo Sokwenza Intsimbi ye-EAF Kwandisa Ngokuthe Ngqo Isiseko Semfuno Yee-Electrode Ze-Graphite
1. Umgaqo-nkqubo weTshayina wokutshintsha amandla phantsi kweenjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini"
I-China iceba ukunyusa umlinganiselo wokwenziwa kwentsimbi ye-EAF ukusuka kwi-10% yangoku ukuya kwi-15%-20% ngo-2025, umgaqo-nkqubo oya kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo imfuno yee-electrode ze-graphite. Umzekelo, ngemfuno eqikelelweyo yee-electrode ze-graphite ekwenzeni intsimbi ye-EAF ifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-860,000 ngo-2025, nto leyo emele ukunyuka konyaka malunga ne-10%, ukunyuka kwemfuno kuya kwanda ngakumbi ukuba umlinganiselo unyuka uye kwi-20%.
2. Ukubuyela kweMfuno yeNtsimbi yeHlabathi kunye noxinzelelo lweNdalo
Imfuno yentsimbi yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke nge-1.2% ukuya kwi-1.772 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni ngo-2025. Idibene nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-EU's carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), i-blast furnace steelmaking yendabuko (ene-60%-70% ephezulu yokukhupha i-carbon kune-EAFs) ijongene noxinzelelo olukhulayo lokuyeka ukusebenza, nto leyo eyenza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-EAF steelmaking kube ngumkhwa wehlabathi.
II. Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji: Ii-Electrode zeGraphite ezinamandla aphezulu njengezinto eziphambili zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-EAF
1. Iimfuneko ezingqongqo zokusebenza kwee-Graphite Electrodes kwiinkqubo ze-EAF
Ii-electrode zegrafiti zamandla aphezulu kakhulu (UHP), ezibonakaliswa kukungaxhathisi okuphantsi (≤6 μΩ·m) kunye namandla aphezulu okugoba (≥15 MPa), zibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-EAF. Njengoko amandla e-arc esanda, iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa zifuna ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinokumelana okuphezulu kwe-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokutsha kobushushu, nto leyo eqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yeemveliso eziphezulu.
2. Ukwanda koQokelelo lweMarike kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu
Ngowama-2025, ixabiso lee-electrode ze-UHP kulindeleke ukuba lidlule kwi-RMB 18,000 ngetoni nganye, kunye nesabelo sazo semarike sinyuka siye kuthi ga kwi-60% yemfuno iyonke. Iinkampani eziphambili (umz., iFangda Carbon kunye neGraftech) zifumene isikhundla esiphezulu kwimarike ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ii-monopolies zobuchwepheshe, ngelixa amashishini amancinci naphakathi (ii-SME) ephuma ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwendalo kunye neendleko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni koxinzelelo lweshishini phakathi kwabadlali abaphambili.
III. Abaqhubi beeMfuno zeMarike: Ukusetyenziswa okuqinileyo ekwenzeni intsimbi ye-EAF kunye nokwandiswa kwayo kumacandelo asakhasayo
1. Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa okuqinileyo kwe-EAF Steelmaking
Ukwenza intsimbi ye-EAF kusebenzisa malunga ne-1.5-2.5 kg yee-electrodes ze-graphite ngetoni nganye yentsimbi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuqina kwemfuno. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kweetoni kuye kwehla ukusuka kwi-3.5 kg ukuya kwi-1.2 kg ngenxa yokwamkelwa okukhulu kwee-EAF (umz., ii-arc furniture zombane ezingaphezulu kwe-100T) kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa, imfuno iyonke iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokokwandiswa kwamandla.
2. Imfuno Ekhulayo evela kuMacandelo Asakhasayo
- Icandelo Elitsha Lamandla: Ukuveliswa kwezinto ze-anode zebhetri ye-lithium-ion kuxhomekeke kwiimveliso zegrafiti. Imveliso yezinto ze-anode zehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiitoni ezi-2.625 yezigidi ngo-2025, apho iTshayina ingaphezulu kwe-98%, nto leyo eqhuba imfuno yokucutshungulwa kwegrafiti ye-electrode yegrafiti.
- Icandelo leSemiconductor: Iielectrode zegrafiti ezichanekileyo kakhulu zisetyenziswa kwiifeni zokukhulisa iikristale nakwizixhobo zokugrumba, zifuna inqanaba lobumsulwa elingaphezulu kwe-99.999%. Imfuno ekhulayo yeetships ze-5G kunye ne-AI iqhuba izinga lokukhula kwemfuno yonyaka elidlula i-15%.
- Imveliso yeSilicon yoShishino kunye neFosforasi etyheli: Ishishini leekhemikhali lifuna ii-electrode ezizinzileyo nezihlala ixesha elide, apho ii-electrode zegrafiti zilawula khona.
IV. Imingeni kunye neempendulo kuShishino: Uhlengahlengiso loLwakhiwo Phakathi koxinzelelo lweendleko kunye nemiqobo yokusingqongileyo
1. Ukunyuka kweendleko zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo
Ekuqaleni kuka-2025, amaxabiso e-needle coke anyuke nge-RMB 5,500 ngetoni nganye kwisiqingatha senyanga ukuya kwi-RMB 32,000 ngetoni nganye, ngelixa amaxabiso e-petroleum coke ene-sulfur ephantsi edlula i-RMB 7,300 ngetoni nganye, nto leyo ephawula ukunyuka kwe-57% unyaka nonyaka. Iinkampani zinciphisa iindleko ngokuphuhlisa amandla okuvelisa i-needle coke ngaphakathi (umz., ngokudibanisa ngokuthe nkqo), zigxininisa inzuzo yokukhuphisana yamashishini akhokelayo.
2. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo eqhuba ukuphuculwa kobuchule
Imiqathango yokusingqongileyo kwimimandla efana neHebei neHenan ikhokelele ekuqineni kobonelelo rhoqo, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kwiinkqubo zegraphitization kunciphisa ukwanda komthamo. Iinkampani kufuneka ziseke inkqubo "yokuvelisa-ukubuyisela-ukuvuselela" evaliweyo ukuze ihambelane nemigangatho yezendalo yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-EU CBAM.
Isiphelo: Ukwamkelwa kwe-EAF Steelmaking njengeNjini ePhambili yoKhulo lweMfuno yeGraphite Electrode
Iqhutywa ngamandla adibeneyo emiyalelo yemigaqo-nkqubo, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nemfuno yemarike, ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-EAF steelmaking kuya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode. Nangona kukho imingeni efana nokunyuka kweendleko zezinto eziluhlaza kunye nemida yokusingqongileyo, eli shishini lidibanisa ingqiqo yokukhula kwemfuno ngokusebenzisa i-high-endization (umz., ii-electrode ze-UHP), ubukrelekrele (umz., ubuchwepheshe obuphindwe kabini bedijithali), kunye notshintsho oluluhlaza (umz., iinkqubo ezivaliweyo). Ukujonga phambili, amashishini aphambili ane-reserves yezobuchwepheshe kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa ngokuthe nkqo aya kulawula imeko yemarike, ngelixa intsebenziswano phakathi kwamacandelo (umz., uR&D oludibeneyo phakathi kweebhetri ze-graphene kunye nee-electrode) inokusebenza njengeempumelelo eziphambili zokoyisa imiqobo yokukhula.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-20-2025